DNA
Full name?
Deoxyribose Nucleic Acid
Full name? BBB? Structure?
Ribonucleic Acid
Nucleotide
Single Helix
Transcription?
Uses an enzyme called RNA polymerase. The process of DNA making mRNA
DNA strand: TTA CCG GCA ACT
mRNA?
tRNA?
Amino Acid?
mRNA: AAU GGC CGU UGA
tRNA: UUA CCG GCA ACU
Amino Acid: Asparagine Glycine Arginine Stop
Chargaff's Observations
A = T
G = C
AKA Base-Pairing Rules.
A= U in RNA
Shape?
Double Helix
Spiral Staircase
Bases?
A
U
G
C
Translation?
2nd step in Protein Synthesis. mRNA enters the cytoplasm, hooks onto a ribosome, tRNA comes in and connects the anticodons to the codons to create a protein using amino acids. Always starts with a START and keeps going until it reaches a STOP.
DNA strand: AGT CGT ATG CCG
mRNA?
tRNA?
Amino Acid?
mRNA: UCA GCA UAC GGC
tRNA: AGU CGU AUG CCG
Amino Acid: Serine Alanine Tyrosine Glycine
X-ray Diffraction
Rosalind Franklin. Proved the Double Helix. DNA IS THE GENETIC MATERIAL FOR ALL LIVING ORGANISMS.
BBB? Monomer?
Nucleotide
mRNA?
Made in DNA. Carries instructions from DNA to make protein. Codons. Occurs in nucleus
Fillers or "nonsense"
Introns
DNA strand: GGG CAT GCT AAG
mRNA?
tRNA?
Amino Acid?
mRNA: CCC GUA CGA UUC
tRNA: GGG CAU GCU AAG
Amino Acid: Proline Valine Arginine Phenylalanine (bonus: Phenylalanine is Mrs Stefano's favorite word)
Watson and Crick
BACKBONE = the sugars and phosphates in a DNA strand.
A = T with 2 hydrogen bonds
G = C with 3 hydrogen bonds
Antiparallel strands: 2 strands of DNA running in opposite directions
Structures?
Deoxyribose Sugar
Phosphate
Nitrogenous Bases
tRNA?
Carries amino acids and anticodons.
Coded Sequence
Exons
DNA strand: GCT ACG GAC ACT
mRNA?
tRNA?
Amino Acid?
mRNA: CGA UGC CUG UGA
tRNA: GCU ACG GAC ACU
Amino Acid: Arginine Cysteine Leucine Stop
DNA was discovered and used in?
Discovered: 1953
Used by Police: 1980's
Bases?
A= Adenine
T= Thymine
C= Cytosine
G= Guanine
Codons? Anticodons?
Condons and Anticodons are complementary. Codon wheels and charts help identify the amino acids to make protein
What things are complementary?
A = T
A = U
G = C
C = G
Anticodons = Codons
mRNA = tRNA
DNA strand: TAC AGC TAG ACT
mRNA?
tRNA?
Amino Acid?
mRNA: AUG UCG AUC UGA
tRNA: UAC AGC UAG ACU
Amino Acid: Start Serine Isoleucine Stop
Purines and Pyrimidines?
Purines: A and G. Double Ring
Pyrimidines: T and C. Single Ring