Characteristics and Classification
Yaks have the scientific name Bos grunniens. What it their species name and genus name?
GENUS = Bos
SPECIES = grunniens
What stores DNA in the cell?
Nucleus
When particles move it increases their...
kinetic energy
What elements are all biomolecules made of?
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
An enzyme is a ...
biological catalysts made up of protein.
Fungi reproduce using...
spores
Which part of the cell is made of cellulose?
Cell wall
net movement
What is glycogen?
a carbohydrate used to store reserve energy in animal cells
Starch is digested to a sugar called maltose by an enzyme called...
amylase
How many Kingdoms are there in Biology? Name them!
5 kingdoms - Animal, Plant, Fungi, Protocists, and Prokaryote
What are metabolic reactions?
Chemical reactions that take place in living organisms
What does hypotonic mean in the context of 'water potential'?
Hypotonic = higher water potential outside the cell than inside the cell, so water moves into the cell rapidly causing it to become turgid/swollen. Too much water means it can burst it animal cells (lysis) or be normal in plant cells.
Which food test is Benedict's solution used for and what colour must it turn to be positive?
Used for reducing sugars (like glucose) and the blue liquid turns orange/red when positive
1. Substrate binds to enzyme's active site that is specific to the substrate
2. Enzyme-substrate complex forms
3. Products are formed and released
What is a dichotomous key?
a way of identifying an organisms, by working through pairs of statements that lead you to its scientific name.
Bacterial cells have one or more circles of DNA called...
Plasmids
What is one difference between diffusion and active transport
diffusion = high to low; no energy
AT = low to high; needs energy
Describe the structure of DNA and its bases
double helix with bases (A, T, C, G) paired together by hydrogen bonds. A - T and C - G
Enzyme specificity is
when a specific enzyme is able to act on a particular (specific) substrate. eg. carbohydrase acts on carbohydrates
Identify 2 feature differences between amphibians and reptiles
Amphibians - no scaly skin, eggs have no shells and laid in water, gas exchange through skin
Reptiles - have scales on skin, eggs are soft but with waterproof shell
List the organelles that plant cells have that animal cells do not
1. Cell wall
2. Large permanent sap vacuole
3. Chloroplast
What are 3 examples of diffusion in organisms?
diffusion of CO2 into plants' stomata during photosynthesis
diffusion of O2 out of plants' stomata during photosynthesis
Diffusion of O2 and CO2 through cell membranes during respiration
Name the smaller parts of:
Protein
Carbohydrates
Lipids
Protein = amino acids
Carbohydrates = glucose (or fructose, galactose)
Lipids = glycerol and fatty acid
Describe the 3 factors that affect enzyme activity
Temperature = high temp, high activity until optimum, then lower activity
substrate concentration = high SC, high activity until optimum, then lower activity
enzyme concentration = high EC, high activity until optimum, then lower activity
pH concentration = too high pH lowers activity, optimum is 7, too low pH lowers activity