Evolutionary Theory
What is the name of Charles Lyell's Theory?
Princliples of Uniformitarianism
How many alleles are in a gene?
2
The preventation of hybrids falls under which isolating mechanism?
What are the two types of speciation?
What are the 3 different evolutionary pathways?
Divergent, convergent and coevolution.
A population of organisms whose phenotypes favour both extremes of the spectrum rather than the intermediate is known as what?
Disruptive selection
What is the difference between homozygous and heterozygous?
Homozygous is two of the same alleles 'AA', 'aa'.
Heterozygous is two different alleles 'Aa'.
The mating season of insect A is different than that of Insect B. This is an example of what?
Temporal isolation.
What does speciation do?
The 13 species of finches found in the Galapagoes islands stem from one original finch species, this is an example of what?
Divergent evolution
What is the name of this theory: "Species on Earth would be wiped out by freqeuently occuring natural disasters and replaced by new species," and what is the name of the theorist?
Charles Cuvier - Theory of Catastrophism
What is the definition of 'mutation'?
A random introduction of a new allele into a population that causes a change in the allele frequency.
Organism A and Organism B are anatomically incompatible, what is this an example of?
Mechanical Isolation.
What is an example of allopatric speciation? (if you can't think of a real life example create a scenario).
The salamanders that were split by a ravine.
Hyenas and dogs share similar traits even though they do not stem from a common ancestor. What is this an example of?
Convergent evolution.
What does Charles Darwin's theory state?
The organism that is better adapted to it's envirnment will survive and produce offspring - Survival of the fittest.
What is the difference between natural selection and artificial selection?
Natural selection selects the variation that best suits an organism's environment.
Artificial selection selects the variation that best benefits humans.
What is a possible reason for behavioural isolation?
Their mating calls/dances are different, they don't look like a desirable mate, etc.
A parasitic worm that preys on a fish with the blue fin phenotype but not the yellow fin phenotype of the same species starts hijacking their brain to follow the parasitic worm's mating season rather than the fishes'. This is an example of what?
Sympatric speciation, (bonus 100 points if temporal isolation was brought up).
What is the definition of convergent evolution?
Species share similar traits becuase those are the most beneficial, e.g sharp teeth for carnivores.
Inheritance of Acquired Traits - Characteristics that an organism acquires during it's life time will be passed on to it's offspring.
Organisms pass on traits through genetic code. They do not pass on physical acquired traits.
Population A has an allele frequency of 7/12 brown rabbits and a 5/12 allele frequency of white rabbits. 9 brown rabbits from population B move to population A. What is this an example of and what is the new allele frequency of brown rabbits?
Gene flow - 16/21 (76.19%) brown rabbit allele frequency.
What is the difference between hybrid breakdown and hybrid infertility?
Hybrid Breakdown - First generation will be viable and fertile but later generations will be weak and or infertile
Hybrid Infertility - The immidiate first generation is infertile
How is allopatric speciation different than sympatric speciation?
Allopatric speciation occurs when there is a physical boundary/distance that is separating them, e.g a ravine.
Sympatric speciation occurs when specific aspects of the environment change, thus changing a portion of the population, e.g the introduction of apples to the hawthorne fly population.
What is the definition of coevolution?