Obj 1A: DNA, mRNA, Proteins
What is a section found in DNA that has information about 1 specific protein/trait?
gene
What type of mutation replaces a nucleotide?
substitution
What are versions of genes called?
alleles
What alleles will someone who is heterozygous have?
Bb
What alleles will someone who is homozygous recessive have?
bb
What is the building block of DNA? What letters can it have?
nucleotide, A,C,T, G
What type of mutations removes nucleotides?
deletion
In dogs, black fur is dominant to yellow fur.
What is the phenotype of a heterozygous dog?
black fur
What alleles will someone who is homozygous dominant have?
BB
What is the building block of proteins?
amino acids
What will the mRNA be for this DNA: TAG GGC AAC CTA
AUC CCG UUG GAU
What type of mutations adds nucleotides?
insertion
In cats, stripes are dominant to no stripes.
A homozygous recessive cat and a homozygous dominant cat have babies. Draw a punnett square for this situation.
See board
The body's blueprint for making your whole body!
DNA
A characteristic of an organism that is coded for in the DNA
trait
How do you get from DNA to traits?
DNA>mRNA>amino acids>protein>trait
What are the 2 main causes of mutations?
Errors when copying DNA
Environmental Factors
In cats, long fur is dominant to short fur.
A homozygous dominant cat and heterozygous cat have babies. Draw a punnett square for this.
What are the chances of them having a long fur cat?
see board
100%
What affects what job a protein can do/its function? (2 things)
amino acid sequence (what it is made of)
protein shape (structure)
How much DNA is used at a time/copied into mRNA during the first step of making protein?
1 gene
What amino acids will you get from this DNA: TCT CAG CCT GTA
Arg Val Gly His
Can all mutations be passed from parents to children? If not, what kinds can?
No, only germline mutations can be passed on (found in every cell in your body including sperm and egg)
In dogs, black fur is dominant to yellow fur.
A heterozygous dog and yellow dog have babies. Draw a punnett square for this.
What are the chances of them having a yellow dog?
See board for punnett square
50%
How can mutations lead to changes in a protein's function?
Leads to a change in amino acids
Changes the shape of the protein
Cystic fibrosis is a recessive disease. If someone is Cc for the cystic fibrosis gene:
What is their genotype?
What is their phenotype?
Heterozygous
Healthy