DNA Structure
Double Helix
Where does DNA replication take place?
In the cell nucleus
Where does transcription take place?
Where does translation take place?
Transcription = nucleus
Translation = cytoplasm
Which category of mutation involves the addition of one or more nucleotide base pairs into a DNA sequence?
Insertion
What is the smallest country in the world by land area?
Vatican City
What three things do a nucleotide include?
1. Deoxyribose Sugar
2. Phosphate
3. Nitrogenous Base
The process of DNA replication is considered ____ - _________ because it uses 1/2 old DNA and 1/2 new DNA.
Semi-Conservative
Which enzyme is responsible for unzipping the DNA double helix and building the complementary mRNA strand?
RNA Polymerase
Which type of mutation occurs when a single nucleotide base is swapped out for a different one, resulting in a codon that now codes for a completely different amino acid?
Missense mutation
When sending an email, what does “CC” stand for?
Carbon Copy
What two things make up the backbone of DNA?
Sugar and Phosphate
TACGTATGATCA
ATGCATACTAGT
Name three differences between DNA and RNA.
1. Deoxyribose vs Ribose Sugar
2. Double helix vs single stranded
3. Thymine instead of Uracil
Because the genetic code is read in strict triplets, an insertion or deletion of a single base completely alters the downstream triplets, causing this highly disruptive type of mutation.
Frameshift
Which two NFL teams are tied with the most Super Bowl wins?
New England Patriots
Pittsburgh Steelers
both have 6 rings
Write out the 4 nitrogenous bases of DNA
1. Adenine
2. Guanine
3. Cytosine
4. Thymine
Name the two enzymes used in DNA replication.
1. DNA Helicase
2. DNA Polymerase
Which cellular structure or organelle reads the mRNA strand to build a chain of amino acids?
Ribosome
Which type(s) of point mutations are considered to be the most disruptive to the formation of a protein?
Insertion/deletion (causes a Frameshift)
What is the name of Simba’s mother in Disney’s The Lion King?
Sarabi
What type of chemical bonds hold together the nitrogenous bases of DNA?
Hydrogen Bonds
When does DNA replication occur?
Before cell division can take place (Interphase).
This specific type of RNA delivers the correct amino acid to the ribosome by matching its anticodon to the mRNA codon.
Is it possible for a mutation to take place without seeing any effect to the protein? Explain your answer.
Yes, silent mutations which do not change the amino acid that is being coded for.
Why shouldn’t a gene be named after a disorder?
Because the gene itself is not the disorder, but the mutation of the gene can cause the disorder to take place.