Lipids
What is the monomer for a lipid?
extra points for drawing it!
Fatty acids and glycerol.
What is the monomer for a protein?
hint. (Pro-Amino!) extra points for drawing it!
Amino Acids
What is the monomer for Nucleic Acids?
extra points for drawing it!
Nucleotide
What are the monomers for a Carbohydrate?
What do their monomers make?
extra points for drawing it!
Monosaccharide
Polysaccharides
What is the formula for Glucose?
C6 H12 06
Saturated vs Unsaturated
Single carbon bonds are unhealthy. Unsaturated is healthy and has bends and double bonds.
What is the name of the bond that holds amino acids together?
peptide bond
What is the polymer for nucleic acids?
nucleic acids
What elements make up Carbs and what is the ratio?
Carbon Hydrogen Oxygen 1:2:1
What are the 8 characteristics of life?
maintains Homeostasis, Organization, Grows and develops, Reproduces, Adapts to environment, contains Cells, requires Energy, and Reacts to stimuli.
In what form are lipids commonly found?
Triglyceride form
What types of things do proteins make up in the body?
Collagen, elastin, insulin, antibodies, enzymes, and keratin.
What are the three components of all nucleotides?
Phosphate group, nitrogenous base, sugar
What carbohydrates store energy for plants? Animals?
Starch and Glycogen
Name all 5 functional groups and their chemical formulas
Hydroxyl -OH, Carbonyl -CO, Phosphate -PO4, Amino -NH2, and Carboxyl -COOH.
What distinguishes saturated fatty acids from unsaturated fatty acids?
Saturated have no double bonds; unsaturated do
What are the functional groups?
Hydroxyl and carbonyl
Which nitrogenous bases are found in nucleotides?
Adenine, guanine, cytosine, thymine, uracil
What is Chitin?
A carb, and it is the exoskeleton of insects and crustaceans.
Eukaryote vs Prokaryote
Eukaryotes are more complex and have a true nucleus. Prokaryotes are simple and have no true nucleus.
What are phospholipids used for in living organisms?
As a barrier in cells
What are the four levels of protein structure?
Primary structure: Polypeptide chain
Secondary structure: Folds into alpha helix or beta pleated sheets
Tertiary structure: Three-dimensional globular shape
Quaternary structure: Combination of multiple proteins
What are the two types of 5-carbon sugars in nucleotides?
Deoxyribose and ribose
What is glycogen?
Stored in muscles and liver
Define Ion, Cation, and Anion
When a neutral atom gains or loses an electron. Positively charged ion (lost an electron). Negatively charged ion (gains an electron).