Cells
Specialized compartments within the cell are called:
organelles
What are the 3 macromolecules that make up the plasma membrane?
lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates
How does cell size affect the rate of membrane transport?
Molecules diffuse faster through smaller cells
Osmosis in the movement of water towards areas of:
higher solute concentration
Cell compartmentalization _____ a cell's efficiency.
increases
Bacteria and Archae fall under which category of cells?
prokaryotes
The main component of the plasma mebrane (bilayer) is:
the phospholipid
Movement along/with the concentration gradient is known as:
passive transport (diffusion acceptable)
The measure of the solute concentration in a solution is known as:
osmolarity
Any close and long-term biological interaction between two different species is known as:
symbiosis
The defining characteristics of eukaryotic cells are the presence of a nucleus and __________
membrane-bound organelles
Some molecules have an easier time passing through the plasma membrane than others. This is known as:
selective permeability
Active transport is movement _____ the concentration gradient.
against
The amount of solute in a solution relative to another solution is known as:
tonicity
What happens during endosymbiosis?
One cell engulfs another cell and they both survive and benefit
Ribosomes function by:
synthesizing proteins
Which cellular process involves vesicles budding from the plasma membrane and bringing materials into the cell?
endocytosis
What are the two types of transport proteins?
channels and carriers
Water flows _______ the cell in hypertonic solutions.
out of
Which organelle is believed to evovle from photosynthetic bacteria?
chloroplast
The rough ER functions by ______, while the smooth ER functions by ________.
synthesizing/modifying proteins ; synthesizing lipids
Which component of the plasma membrane embeds itself in the bilayer and moderates fluidity?
cholesterol
Molecules moving down their concentration gradient with the assistance of a transport protein is known as:
facilitated diffusion
The ideal solution for animals cells to be in is:
isotonic
Name one of the two steps in Endosymbiotic Theory?
1. The plasma membrane of the ancestral eukaryote folded inward to form the nucleus, ER, and Gogli.
2. Small prokaryotes were engulfed by a larger prokaryote and became the mitochondria and chloroplast.