Concept 1
Photosynthesis occurs in what cell organelle?
chloroplast
Which specific type of transport is used to transport oxygen and carbon dioxide?
simple diffusion
If a cell has 18 chromosomes, how many chromosomes will each of its daughter cells have?
18
carcinogens
What is a tumor?
a solid mass of tissue that forms when abnormal cells group together
Name one organelle that you would not find in a plant cell
centriole
Which specific type of transport is used to transport glucose?
facilitated diffusion
Organize the parts of this body system from most basic to most complex according to the levels of organization in a multi-cellular organism. (human being, central nervous system, brain, nerve tissue, brain cells)
brain cell, nerve tissue, brain, central nervous system, human being
Programmed cell death
apoptosis
Which of the following is true of malignant tumors?
A. They do not require treatment.
B. They are easily removed through surgery.
C. They can cause tumors in other parts of the body.
D. They contain cells that stay clustered together.
C
List the 3 components of cell theory
1. all cells come from other cells
2. all organisms are made of cells
3. cells are the basic unit of life
If an animal cell were placed in a solution of salt water taken from the ocean, what would happen to the cell?
Select the best word in each parenthesis: The cell would ________ (swell/shrivel) because the water solution is __________ (hypertonic/hypotonic)
shrivel / hypertonic
During which phase of mitosis do sister chromatids separate from each other?
anaphase
The organelle most critical for cell division
centriole
Research has shown that uncontrolled cell growth and development can lead to what?
cancer
What are 2 similarities between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells?
Which of the following statements regarding the movement of molecules across cell membranes is true?
A. Water molecules are commonly actively transported out of cells.
B. Three examples of passive transport are diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and osmosis.
C. Polar molecules generally diffuse more readily through the plasma membrane than do nonpolar molecules of the same size.
B
If a cell does not go through the S phase of the cell cycle before mitosis, what might be wrong with the daughter cells?
The daughter cells would have the wrong # of chromosomes (specifically half of the amount that they should have)
Provide an example of a solute, solution, and solvent.
example
solute = salt
solvent = water
solution = salt water
Provide at least 2 carcinogens that we learned in class
biological factors (age, inherited genetic mutations, skin type), lifestyle choices (diet, physical activity, exposure to UV light), viruses and other infections, exposure to carcinogens (tobacco, asbestos)
List 3 key differences between prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells
Prokaryotes have no nucleus (eukaryotes do)
Prokaryotes have no membrane-bound organelles (eukaryotes do)
Prokaryotes are unicellular only. Eukaryotes can be unicellular or multicellular
Describe an example of a feedback mechanism. Include if your example is a positive or negative feedback loop, and how feedback mechanisms, in general, maintain homeostasis.
Answers will vary, depending on the feedback mechanism selected.
Example: Childbirth is an example of positive feedback. As contractions begin it triggers more hormones to be released which causes more contractions. The output amplifies the input of the loop.
Feedback mechanisms help maintain homeostasis by responding to stimuli AND maintaining a dynamic equilibrium in the cells.
List the 3 main stages in interphase and give a brief description of what happens in each.
G1 phase: growth and protein synthesis
S phase: Synthesis of new DNA
G2 phase: growth and protein synthesis
The need for an organism to stay stable by regulating internal conditions
homeostasis
What makes stem cells different from other cells in the body?
They are undifferentiated cells that can turn into a number of different kinds of cells as needed.