Macromolecules
Which of the following is NOT a function of lipids?
A. Long-term energy storage
B. Heat insulation
C. Makeup & production of steroid hormones
D. Speed up or start chemical reactions
D. Speed up or start chemical reactions
Which of the following is NOT a function of a protein?
A. Storing and transmitting genetic information
B. Helping to fight disease
C. Controlling the rate of reactions
D. Moving substances into or out of cells
A. Storing and transmitting genetic information
What process do plants use to create sugars?
A. Photosynthesis
B. Respiration
C. Fermentation
D. Transpiration
A. Photosynthesis
What is the process of cell death called?
A. Meiosis
B. Cytokinesis
C. Mitosis
D. Apoptosis
D. Apoptosis
Where are proteins synthesized in a cell?
A. Nucleus
B. Chloroplast
C. Endoplasmic Reticulum
D. Cell Membrane
C. Endoplasmic Reticulum
Which four are major types of macromolecules?
A. Carbohydrates
B. Chromosomes
C. Lipids
D. Lysosomes
E. Nucleic acids
F. Proteins
A. Carbs, C. Lipids, E. Nucleic Acids, and F. Proteins
Why are proteins essential for cell function?
A. They store genetic information
B. They speed up reactions
C. They provide structure
D. They're energy sources
C. They provide structure
Why are sugars important for large biological molecules?
A. They provide energy
B. They are components of DNA
C. They can be converted into fats
D. They are always readily available
A. They provide energy
What happens in the G1 phase of the cell cycle?
A. DNA replication occurs
B. The cell grows
C. The cell divides
D. The cell prepares for apoptosis
B. The cell grows
What distinguishes prokaryotic cells from eukaryotic cells?
A. Size
B. Presence of a nucleus
C. DNA structure
D. Cell membrane composition
B. Presence of a nucleus
What structural feature does glucose share with larger organic molecules?
A. A basic structure formed by chains of carbon atoms
B. A ratio of 1 carbon to 2 hydrogen atoms to 1 oxygen
C. The presence of double covalent bonds between carbon atoms
D. Strong bonds between carbon atoms that cannot be broken
A. A basic structure formed by chains of carbon atoms
How do proteins contribute to cellular processes?
A. By providing energy
B. By facilitating chemical reactions
C. By forming cell membranes
D. By storing nutrients
B. By facilitating chemical reactions
How do plants respond to environmental stimuli?
A. By changing leaf color
B. By adjusting growth patterns
C. By absorbing more water
D. By producing more sugars
B. By adjusting growth patterns
What is the function of the centromere?
A. It holds sister chromatids together
B. It synthesizes proteins
C. It regulates cell division
D. It stores DNA
A. It holds sister chromatids together
What is the role of the nucleus?
A. Energy production
B. DNA storage
C. Protein synthesis
D. Cell division
B. DNA storage
Which statement is FALSE regarding glucose breakdown?
A. Large chains made of glucose can be broken apart to form other molecules
B. Glucose can be assembled into larger molecules
C. The atoms of glucose can combine with other elements
D. Maltose is not usable if it is broken down further
D. Maltose is not usable if it is broken down further
What role do enzymes play in protein function?
A. They act as catalysts
B. They provide energy
C. They store information
D. They transport nutrients
A. They act as catalysts
Why are sugars used by plants to make other large biological molecules? Choose three correct answers.
A. Sugars are always readily available in the plant
B. Sugars spontaneously break down
C. Large biological molecules are made of carbon, oxygen, and hydrogen
D. Sugars are components of other macromolecules
E. Plants do not need sugars
A., C., D
What phase is represented when chromosomes are pulled to opposites poles of the cell?
A. Metaphase
B. Anaphase
C. Telophase
D. Cytokinesis
B. Anaphase
How do cell membranes regulate transport?
A. By allowing all substances to pass
B. By creating channels for specific molecules
C. By generating energy
D. By storing nutrients
B. By creating channels for specific molecules
What elements are present in glucose, leucine, and sterol?
A. Hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen
B. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
C. Nitrogen, carbon, hydrogen
D. Oxygen, carbon, helium
Glucose: C6H12O6 Leucine: C6H13NO2 Sterol: C17H28O6
B. Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen
How can proteins affect disease resistance?
A. By enhancing immunity
B. By storing genetic material
C. By regulating cell division
D. By breaking down toxins
D. By breaking down toxins
What is the role of chlorophyll in photosynthesis?
A. Absorbing sunlight
B. Storing energy
C. Transporting nutrients
D. Producing oxygen
A. Absorbing Sunlight
What kind of cells are produced by Mitosis AND how many?
2 IDENTICAL daughter cells
How do stem cells differentiate into specialized cells?
A. Through mitosis
B. Through apoptosis
C. By responding to signals
D. By dividing indefinitely
C. By responding to signals