Experiments
Which two researchers described DNA's double helix shape
James Watson and Francis Crick
Using Chargaff's base pairing rule, in DNA which letters pair together
A-T
G-C
The term for DNA replication that describes how one strand comes from the parent molecule and one is newly built
Semi-conservative
Which base is present in RNA and not in DNA
Uracil
What did scientists originally believe carried genetic material (before we knew it is DNA)
Proteins
Which researcher injected rats with different strains of pneumonia to demonstrate for the first time the idea of bacterial transformation
Frederick Griffith
What kind of bonds hold the tow polynucleotide chains together in the double helix
Hydrogen bonds
Transcription takes place where
In the nucleus
What is the name of the process in which the genetic code is read from mRNA to make a protein
Translation
What order are items produced according to the central dogma of molecular biology
DNA->RNA->Proteins
Which researchers worked with bacteria and viruses to confirm DNA is what carries genetic information
Alfred Hershey and Martha Chase
What are the three parts of a nucleotide
A sugar, a phosphate group, a nitrogenous base
What are the three steps of transcription
Initiation, elongation, termination
What are the three types of RNA
mRNA (messenger)
rRNA (ribosomal)
tRNA (transfer)
What sugar is present in RNA
Ribose
Which research used X-ray crystallography to help identify the structure of DNA
Rosalind Franklin
Why is DNA considered a stable structure
The double helix protects it from exposure which would lead to break down
Which enzyme breaks the bonds(unzips) between complementary bases in DNA
DNA helicase
Why is mRNA necessary
Because it is small enough to exit through nuclear pores and DNA isn't
What is the difference between introns and exons
Exons- code for proteins
Introns- regions that don't code for proteins
Which researchers showed that the substance that goes through the transformation process is DNA and not RNA or proteins
Avery, MacLeod, McCarty
20% cytosine
In which stage of transcription would you expect to see RNA bound to the unwound DNA
Elongation
Which mRNA editing process involves adding a tail of adenine bases to the end of the mRNA sequence
Polyadenylation
What is the name of the process in which DNA is summarized into a smaller version, mRNA
Transcription