Atoms and Molecules
Organic Molecules
Nutrition
Chemical Reactions
Enzymes
100
Which atom has six protons?
Carbon
100
What is a monosaccharide and what is a polysaccharide? Name one example of each.
A monosaccharide is the monomer of carbohydrates. Examples are: glucose, fructose, galactose. A polysaccharide is the polymer of carbohydrates and is a chain of monosaccharides linked together. Examples are: cellulose, glycogen, starch.
100
Which organic molecule does fruit have the most of?
Carbohydrates
100
True or false: energy is conserved in chemical reactions.
False; energy is either gained or lost in a reaction.
100
What kind of organic molecule is an enzyme?
Enzymes are proteins.
200
What is an ionic bond?
When one atom gives away an electron to another atom
200
What are the two monomers of lipids?
Fatty acids and glycerol
200
True or false: a piece of chicken has a lot of protein.
True.
200
What is activation energy?
The energy needed to get a reaction started.
200
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions by lowering the ____________.
Activation energy
300
What are the six most common atoms in the human body?
C, H, O, N, P, S
300
What are the monomers and polymers of nucleic acids?
The monomers are nucleotides and the polymers are DNA and RNA
300
Which organic molecule does your body use as a quick form of energy?
Carbohydrates
300
In an energy-absorbing reaction, will the amount of energy of the products be more or less than the amount of energy of the reactants?
The energy or the products will be higher than the energy of the reactants.
300
What is the name of molecules that are changed by enzymes?
Substrates
400
If an atom has an atomic mass of 80 and 35 protons, how many neutrons does it have? How many electrons does it have?
It has 45 neutrons and 35 electrons.
400
Name and describe the first level of protein structure.
The first level of protein structure is the primary structure. It is the sequence of amino acids in the polypeptide chain.
400
Name one way that your body uses protein.
Enzymes to control rate of reactions, build and repair tissues, chemical messengers, fight disease.
400
What happens to chemical bonds during chemical reactions?
Some bonds are broken and some bonds are formed.
400
What is the active site on an enzyme?
The region where the substrate attaches to the enzyme.
500
Are the bonds between the oxygen and hydrogen atoms in a molecule of water ionic or covalent bonds?
Covalent bonds.
500
What are the four groups that are attached to the alpha carbon in an amino acid?
Amino group, Carboxyl group, R side chain, hydrogen atom
500
What is the difference between a saturated and unsaturated fat? Name one example of each.
Saturated fats have all single bonds between the carbon atoms. An example is butter. Unsaturated fats have at least one double bond. An example is oil.
500
If four atoms of aluminum (Al) react with 3 molecules of oxygen (O2), how many molecules of aluminum oxide (Al2O3) will be produced?
2
500
What is the name of the enzyme that breaks down hydrogen peroxide in the liver?
Catalase
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