Genetics Basics
Section of DNA controlling a trait
What is a gene?
Base replaced by uracil in RNA
What is thymine?
Cells have a higher chance of becoming cancerous in what kind of person
Who is taller and older?
DNA exchange process
What is crossing over?
Why cancer is not fully preventable by just avoiding environmental factors
What are random chance and inherited mutations?
Different versions of a gene
What are alleles?
Complementary DNA base pairing to A-T-G-C-A-G
What is T-A-C-G-T-C?
Protein that stops damaged cells from completing mitosis
What is p53?
More variation occurs with this when genes are being passed down
What is WITH crossing over?
Example of an environmental factor to cause DNA to mutate
What is smoking/ sun UV radiation/ carcinogens/ radiation/ pollution/ chemicals/ etc.
Type of diagram you use to see inherited chromosomes
Complementary mRNA base pairing to A-T-G-C-A-G
What is U-A-C-G-U-C?
Effect of UV radiation on DNA
What is causes mutations that link to higher risks of cancer?
Two-step cell division process where a single parent cell produces four genetically unique haploid gametes
What is meiosis?
Treatment options for cancer (explain 3)
What are methods to stopping cell growth, Chemotherapy (chemicals to stop mitosis/DNA copying), Radiation (damages DNA to stop division), Surgery (removes cancer cells), Immunotherapy (helps immune system destroy cancer cells) + CRISPR (gene editing, still experimental)
A fundamental process of cell division where one parent cell divides to produce two genetically identical daughter cells
What is a mitosis?
Molecules genes code for
What are proteins?
Types of DNA changes (insertions, deletions, substitutions, etc.)
What are mutations?
The specific long, organized molecule of DNA we explored that held both p53 and BRCA1 protein genetic codes
What is chromosome 17?
Social Determinants of health and cancer outcomes (Explain 3)
What are Education + Income & Wealth + Employment + Health Systems & Services + Housing + Physical Environment + Transportation + Social Environment + Public Safety (plethora of explanations and comparisons to be made, so practice making them :))
What are mutation causes?
DNA --> mRNA process
What is transcription?
Mutations in codes, different codes in DNA lead to proteins with different shapes, different shapes fit better and worse with DNA, the better the fit the better it can correct mutations, etc.
What are reasons why different versions of p53 work differently?
If two parents are passing down their genes but NO CROSSING OVER occurs, the number of how many combinations are possible
What is four?
Compare to Social Determinants and compare how they have influence over health and cancer outcomes. Do they amplify or reduce their impacts on cancer risks, survival rates and treatments?
What is there are many answers to this, possible S.D.s are Education + Income & Wealth + Employment + Health Systems & Services + Housing + Physical Environment + Transportation + Social Environment + Public Safety