Microscopes, Cells & Cell Theory
Phospholipid Bilayer, Transport & Tonicity
Calculations
Plant Control Systems
Bonus
100
Label the name & function of the following microscope parts on your whiteboard.
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1f0QsZITDmvQtYNCE6uiBw8KrJtD65pIs/edit#slide=id.p6
(slide 8)
Identify the microscope parts represented by letters A, C and K.
A = Eyepiece/Ocular Lens
C = Stage
K = Diaphragm
What are the functions of parts K, L & B?
K = controls the amount & intensity of light that is sent through the specimen.
L = Produces the light that is used to illuminate the specimen
B = Provides stability to the microscope, this is the part that we hold we carry the microscope (along with one hand under the base).
100
Draw and label all of the components of the Phospholipid Bilayer (6 parts)
Hydrophilic Heads, Hydrophobic Tails, Integral Proteins, Peripheral Proteins, Carbohydrate Chains & Cholesterol Molecules
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1f0QsZITDmvQtYNCE6uiBw8KrJtD65pIs/edit#slide=id.p8 (slide 10)
100
If the magnification of the ocular lens of your microscope is 20X, calculate the magnification at:
1. Low power (magnification of objective lens is 5X)
2. Medium power (magnification of objective lens is 10X)
3. High power (magnification of objective lens is 50X)
1. Total Mag (LP) = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power --> (20x) x (5x) = 100x
2. Total Mag (MP) = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power --> (20x) x (10x) = 200x
3. Total Mag (HP) = Ocular Lens Power x Objective Lens Power --> (20x) x (50x) = 1000x
100
Define Phototropism
Phototropism is the observation that plants & their stems grow towards a light source
100
Who is the best-selling female recording artist of all time? (According to the Guinness Book of world records?)
Hint: This is music that your parents might listen to
Madonna
200
Name the three parts of the cell theory.
1. The cell is the smallest functional unit of life
2. All cells come/arise from pre-existing cells
3. All organisms are made up of one or more cells
200
Describe the three modes of Passive Transport
Diffusion: the movement of particles down a concentration gradient (areas of [high] to [low])
Osmosis: Diffusion of water molecules down a concentration gradient (areas of [high] to [low])
Facilitated Diffusion: Movement of large molecules facilitated by transport proteins down a concentration gradient (areas of [high] to [low])
200
LP Total Mag = 40x
HP Total mag = 500x
LP FOV Diameter = 100 μm
Calculate the HP FOV Diameter
HP FOV Diameter = 8.0 μm
40x/500x = 0.08
0.08 x 100 μm = 8.0 μm
OR
Cross multiply = (500x)x (A) & (40x) x 100 μm
(500x)(A) = 4000 μm --> Divide both sides by 500
A = 8.0 μm
200
Name the two experiments that helped support the existence of phototropism
1. The Gelatin Experiment (Peter Boysen-Jensen)
2. The Agar Experiment (Fritz Went)
200
Finish the lyric: (100 bonus points for EFFORT AND PASSION)
Almost Heaven, West Virginia
Blue Ridge Mountains, Shenandoah River
Life is old there, older than the trees
Younger than the mountains, growin' like a breeze
_______ ______, _____ ___ _____
__ ___ ____ __ _______
West Virginia, mountain mama
Take me ________, _______ _________
Almost Heaven, West Virginia
Blue Ridge Mountains, Shenandoah River
Life is old there, older than the trees
Younger than the mountains, growin' like a breeze
Country roads, take me home
To the place I belong
West Virginia, mountain mama
Take me home, country roads
- Take Me Home, Country Roads (John Denver - 1971) ‧
300
The cell is the smallest functional unit of life, it's also an open system. Since a cell is an open system it is capable of what?
An open system is able to:
- Acquire nutrients, get rid of wastes & exchange matter and energy with the environment
This is why the cell is the smallest functional unit of life, it is capable of all the things listed above!
300
What is the difference between Transport with Channel proteins & Carrier proteins?
Carrier Proteins: Lock & Key model. The large molecule binds to the carrier protein, which changes the shape of the carrier protein. This allows the large molecule to enter or exit the cell.
Channel Proteins: Magnetic Key card model. The charge of ions is opposite to that of the channel protein, this creates enough energy to open the channel. Ions then flow into/out of the cell through the channel depending on their concentration
300
A cell has a length of 600 μm, width of 8.0 mm and a height of 5.0 mm. Calculate the Volume, SA (in millimetres) and SA:V Ratio of the cell.
--> for this question, you can use your unrounded value or rounded values for Surface Area and Volume
600 μm/1000 mm = 0.6 mm
Volume = 0.6 mm x 5 mm x 8 mm = 24 mm3
SA = 2(0.6x8) + 2(0.6 x 5) + 2(8 x 5) = 95.6 mm2
SA:V Ratio = 95.6/24 = 3.983333 (repeating)
--> ~ 4:1 Ratio
or
SA:V Ratio = 96 (rounded)/24 = 4 --> 4:1 Ratio
300
Define Gravitropism
Gravitropism is the observation that stems & roots will grow depending on gravity.
300
What is the rarest metal on earth?
Francium is the rarest metal on earth!
400
Use the following information to calculate the size of the algal cells under the microscope
(slide 9)
The approximate size is 165 μm
Fraction of space = 1/4 or 0.25
FOV Diameter (HP) = 660 μm
Actual size = 0.25 x 660 μm = 165 μm
Or
Actual size = 660 μm ÷ 4 cells = 165 μm/cell
400
Identify the tonicity of the following cells & solutions:
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1f0QsZITDmvQtYNCE6uiBw8KrJtD65pIs/edit#slide=id.p9
(slide 11)
Cell A: Cell --> Hypotonic, Sol'n = Hypertonic
Cell B: Both --> Isotonic
Cell C: Cell --> Hypertonic, Sol'n = Hypotonic
400
Explain the relationship between Magnification & FOV
They have an inverse proportional relationship, so as magnification increases, FOV will decrease by a proportional amount.
400
What are the chemical messengers responsible for plant growth called?
They are called Auxins!
400
You leave home, take three left turns, and return home. Who are the two masked men waiting for you?
The umpire and the back catcher....
500
Choose two scientists from the following & identify which experiment they did and their contribution to the cell theory:
Francesco Redi, Louis Pasteur, Robert Hooke, Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek, Matthias Schleiden, Theodor Schwann & Rudolf Virchow
Francesco Redi: Fly & Maggot Experiment
-> All cells come from pre-existing cells
Louis Pasteur: Nutrient Broth (S-Flask) Experiment
-> All cells come from pre-existing cells
Robert Hooke: Cork of a tree under a microscope
-> All organisms are made of one or more cells -> Invented the term cell
Antonie Van Leeuwenhoek: Animalcules (Tooth Plaque) -> All organisms are mode of one or more cells ->First visual of single-celled organisms
Matthias Jakob Schleiden: Plant Cell specialist
-> All organisms are made of one or more cells
Theodor Schwann: Animal Cell specialist
-> All organisms are made of one or more cells
Rudolf Virchow: Bone/Cartilage Cell Experiment
-> All cells come from pre-existing cells
500
Draw the process of Endocytosis and describe the steps
https://docs.google.com/presentation/d/1f0QsZITDmvQtYNCE6uiBw8KrJtD65pIs/edit#slide=id.p10
(slide 12)
Endocytosis is used to bring large/particulate materials into the cell.
Material (ex. cholesterol) comes into contact with the cell membrane, which forms a pocket around it.
The cell membrane folds in and encloses the material
The membrane pinches off into a vesicle (for transport) or a vacuole (for storage)
500
Surface area increases faster than volume, true or false?
False, volume increases much quicker than surface area when cells of increasing size are compared.
Ex.
1 mm cell = 1mm3 (volume) & 6mm2 (SA)
2 mm cell = 8mm3 (volume) & 24mm2 (SA)
Volume increases by a factor of 8x, SA only increases by a factor of 4x.
500
What are the positive & negative types of gravitropism
Negative Gravitropism: Shoots (Stems) grow away from a source of gravity
Positive Gravitropism: Roots grow towards a source of gravity
500
Name all the capital cities in Canada
AB = Edmonton
BC = Victoria
MB = Winnipeg
NB = Fredericton
NL = St. John's
NS = Halifax
ON = Toronto
PEI = Charlottetown
QC = Québec City
SK = Regina
YT = Whitehorse
NU = Iqaluit
NT = Yellowknife