Unit 1
The basic unit of life, such as muscle or nerve cells.
What are Cells?
The process by which species change over time through genetic variation and natural selection.
What is Evolution?
Long thread-like structures made of DNA and proteins; humans have 23 pairs.
What are Chromosomes?
Differences in traits among individuals within a population caused by genetic or environmental factors.
What are Variations?
This term refers to the natural world including air, water, land, and living things that can be affected by human activities.
What is the Environment?
The maintenance of a stable internal environment, including temperature and pH regulation.
What is Homeostasis?
The process where individuals with advantageous traits survive and reproduce more successfully.
What is Natural Selection?
Large molecules made of amino acids that perform many essential functions in organisms.
What are Proteins?
Changes in the DNA sequence that can lead to new traits and may be caused by environmental factors.
What are Mutations?
Non-living parts of an ecosystem like climate, soil, and water availability.
What are Abiotic Factors?
The two main inputs required for aerobic respiration.
What are Glucose and Oxygen?
Differences in DNA that can be passed from parents to offspring, influencing traits.
What is Heritable Genetic Variation?
Chemical messengers, often proteins, that regulate body processes by sending signals.
What are Hormones?
This type of cell division reduces chromosome number by half to form gametes.
What is Meiosis?
The general equation for photosynthesis includes carbon dioxide, water, and this sugar molecule.
What is glucose (C₆H₁₂O₆)?
The three main outputs of aerobic cellular respiration.
What are Carbon Dioxide, Water, and ATP?
A trait that helps an organism survive and reproduce, evolved through natural selection.
What is an Adaptation?
The process of copying DNA into messenger RNA inside the nucleus.
What is Transcription?
After mitosis, cells become specialized types with distinct functions in a process called...
What is Cell Differentiation?
The maximum number of individuals of a species an ecosystem can support without depleting resources.
What is Carrying Capacity?
This feedback mechanism counteracts changes to return the system to normal, like sweating to cool the body.
What is Negative Feedback?
This results when natural selection causes certain alleles to become more common over time.
What is Change in Gene Frequency?
Using mRNA as a template to build proteins at the ribosome
What is Translation?
The use of living organisms or systems to develop products or modify genes.
What is Biotechnology?
This graphical model shows energy distribution among producers and consumers in an ecosystem.
What is an Energy Pyramid?