Experiment
Basic Chemistry
Chemical reactions
Water and solutions
Macromolecules
100
Define the Independent variable, Dependent variable, Constant variable, and control
Independent variable; the variable that is changed, Dependent variable; the variable that changed based off of the independent variable, Constant; the things that remain exactly the same in each aspect of the experiment, Control variable; the aspect that is normal of the usual environment
100
What is an atom?
What is the basic unit of matter.
100
What is the minimum energy needed for reactants in a chemical reaction?
What is activation energy
100
define polar molecules and define a cohesive molecule.
Polar molecules are molecules with unequal distribution of charges and are attracted to their opposites. A cohesive molecule is thats STICKS together with another polar molecule.
100
Give the four types of Macromolecules and their monomer/subunit.
Proteins and amino acids. Lipids and fatty acids/glycerol, Carbohydrates and monosaccharides. Nucleic acids and nucleotides.
200
What is Quantitative data?
What is data recorded in numbers.
200
Define isotopes, and covalent and Ionic bonding.
Isotope;an element with a different atomic number. Covalent; bonds that share electrons. Ionic; bonds that take electrons from another element to maintain stability.
200
what are two clues of a chemical reaction?
What is heat/light and formation of a gas to a liquid etc.
200
Define Adhesion
Adhesion is the force of attraction between molecules
200
What are the polymer structures of proteins, and carbs, as well as the elements in each. Also what are the the two different fats for lipids.
What is polysaccharides made of C,H, and O, and poly peptide bonds made of C, H, O, N. The two different fats are unsaturated and saturated.
300
What is Qualitative data?
What is data described by words.
300
Define atomic number, atomic mass, mass number, and the three subatomic particles.
Atomic number; number of protons in an atom. Atomic mass/mass number; Total protons and neutrons. Subatomic Particles; protons, neutrons, and electrons
300
What does thae arrow represent in a chemical equation?
what is the process of yielding
300
What is a solute? What is a solvent?
Solute; the substance that dissolves in the solvent. Solvent; dissolves the solute
300
Define the simple structure of each macromolecule.
Carbs, unfused carbon rings of CHO. Lipids, 3 fatty acid tails with one glycerol base. Proteins, molecules with a carboxyl group, variable group, amino group, and hydrogen. Nucleic Acids made of carbon group, base, and phosphate group. Phospholipids, Fuzed rings of carbon.
400
What is the control in this setup? There are three plants that Bert it using. One is a dark room, one in the sun, and the last is in his kitchen. He is trying to see if plants grow better in the sunlight.
What is the plant in the kitchen.
400
Give one example of a chemical formula
CO 2
400
Define exothermic and endothermic energy.
Exothermic; energy is given off. Endothermic;energy is taken in.
400
What is a solution?
What is a mixture of two or more substances that are evenly distributed.
400
What are the indicator tests for all 4 macromolecules? What color/ hint shows a positive test?
Lipids; turn red in Sudan iii test and translucent in a brown paper bag test. Carbs/starches; iodine test turns dark purple or black. Carbs/sugars; Benedict's turns from blue to orange. Proteins; Biuret reagent turns blue to violet.
500
Identify the constants. In a setup, Bert is testing if carbs, proteins, or vegetables get him ready for a game. Bert gets tghe same amount of each food, same brand, and same amount of exercise after. Bert after 2 weeks records his data
What is amount of food, brand, exercise, and setup.
500
Define an enzyme. Be specific. Also define the orbital.
biological catalysts that speed up bodily chemical functions. Orbital; the cloud around the nucleus where the electrons form.
500
All chemical reactions must be .... to work.
What is balenced
500
How can compounds be broken down?
What is electrolysis
500
What 2 processes break down and combine macromolecules.
Breaks down by dehydration synthesis, combines by Hydrolysis
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