Ecology
Evolution
Basic Chemistry & Biochemistry
More Biochemistry
Cells
100
This is at the core of the every organism's interaction with the environment. Make sure you get it, or else you'll run out!
What is energy?
100
This man contributed more to the knowledge of evolution than anyone else, but he sure does owe a lot to the finches!
Who is Charles Darwin?
100
The pH of bleach is 13; this means that bleach is A) a strong acid B) a weak acid C) a strong base D) a weak base
What is C?
100
These work to speed up chemical reactions without ever being changed
What is an enzyme?
100
Name 4 structures of a eukaryotic cell and state their function/purpose?
Nucleus- contain DNA and control cell processes Ribosomes- assembles proteins for the cell, made of RNA and protein (maker) Endoplasmic Reticulum- assembles some part of the cell membrane and modifies some proteins Golgi Apparatus- attach carbohydrates and lipids to proteins from the ER Lysosomes- contains enzymes that break down carbohydrates, lipids, and proteins to be used by the cell. Also breaks down organelles after they become useless Vacuoles- storage area for the cell Mitochondria- use energy from food to make high-energy compounds to be used by the cell for growth, development, and movement Chloroplasts- use energy from sunlight to make energy rich food molecules (photosynthesis) Cytoskeleton network of proteins that help maintain the cell's shape, involved in cell movement Cell Wall- provide support and protection for the cell (plant only)
200
Give 3 of the 5 example of heterotrophs, as well as give their definition.
What is Herbivore: obtains energy by eating plants only Ex.- cows, rabbits Carnivore: obtains energy by eating animals only Ex.- snakes, dogs, owls Omnivore: obtains energy by eating both plants and animals Ex.- humans, bears, crows Detritivore: obtains energy by eating the remains of plants and animals as well as other dead matter Ex.- mites, worms, snails, crabs Decomposer: obtains energy by breaking down organic material Ex.- bacteria, fungi
200
Darwin referred to factors such as competition, variation, adaptations, and the production of more offspring than could survive as this. He states that this acts on any trait that affects survival or reproduction.
What is natural selection?
200
Fill in the blanks: An __________ is a substance that cannot be broken down into simpler substances. Each is different from another by its number of protons, _______, and electrons. When two combine, they form a bond and are then known as a __________.
What is element, neutron, compound?
200
A protein can denature because of three factors; temperature, pH, and this.
What is concentration?
200
In cell diffusion, molecules more from this concentration to another because there is more space in the latter area.
What is high to low concentration?
300
This symbiotic relationship occurs when one species gains nutrients while the other is neither helped nor harmed.
What is Commensalism?
300
To have speciation in an ecosystem, there must tbe the formation of new species. In order for a new species to evolve, this must occur.
What is a genetic change?
300
List the four main classes of organic compounds.
What are carbohydrates, lipids, proteins, and nucleic acid?
300
Explain how the lock-and-key model illustrates the relationship between enzymes and substrates.
What is the active site of an enzyme fits the shape of a substrate?
300
Osmosis is the diffusion of this substance, where either hypotonic, hypertonic, or isotonic diffusion can occur.
What is water?
400
This between species usually results in only one species occupying a niche at any one time. It balances the ecosystem, creating an equilibrium, and pushes species to adapt to their niche.
What is competition?
400
In 1809, Lamarck published his Theory of Evolution. He proposed that organism adapted to their environment through this, and justified it with his belief of use and disuse and a tendency toward perfection.
What are acquired traits?
400
This is the method of building molecules, joining two monosaccharides to create a disaccharide by taking out a water molecule. The reverse is known as this, breaking apart polysaccharides/disaccharides by adding water.
What is hydration synthesis and hydrolysis?
400
There are four different bases for DNA, name all of them and complete the conversion from DNA to RNA: ACC TGG TGA CAG CCC ACT
What are adenine, thymine, guanine, cytosine? UGG ACC ACU GUC GGG UGA?
400
Name the 4 levels of organization in a multicellular organism, and state 3 of the 4 main tissue types (Hint- I just gave you one of the levels).
What cells, tissues, organs, organ systems? What are muscle, epithelial, nervous, connective?
500
The maximum size of a population is called this, and it is determined by environmental factors, both biotic and abiotic.
What is carrying capacity?
500
A similarity in characteristics resulting from common ancestry is known as this; the forelimbs of humans, cats, whales, and bats is an example of this (similar structure, similar embryological development, but different functions).
What are homologous structures?
500
Amino acids are made up of three groups, name them. In addition, explain what a protein is made of and how it gets its function.
What is the amine group, variable group, and carboxyl group? What are amino acids and the shape gives the protein a specific function?
500
What is the substance that is produced from breaking down molecules like starch that are used for energy for our bodies?
What is ATP?
500
What are the three concepts that make up the cell theory?
What is 1) All living things are composed of cells 2) Cells are the basic units of structures and functions in living things/smallest form of life 3) New cells are made from existing cells
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