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100
All individuals have two alleles for a given trait. According to Mendel's ____________, these alleles are passed down one each from both mother and father.
Law of Segregation
100
A newly formed volcanic island has appeared in the Pacific Ocean. Analyze each of the sequences in the primary succession of species colonizing a newly formed island and select the answer choice that reflects the correct sequence.
bare rock, lichens, small annual plants, perennial herbs and grasses, shade intolerant trees
100
Membrane proteins are among the most important proteins biologically because they allow cells to communicate with their environments. In humans, they determine whether the immune system recognizes the cell as foreign or not and they are the targets of most pharmaceuticals. In all organisms, membrane proteins are responsible for other functions as well. One function determines when and if cell division takes place. That is
activation of growth hormones
100
Darwin discovered twenty different species of finches in the Galapagos islands. He hypothesized that as new islands arose, finches colonized the islands and rapidly changed into new species, depending on what food was available on each new island. The rapid formation of many new species, as in this case, is called
adaptive radiation
100
Which example represents a DISADVANTAGE of asexual reproduction?
A single antibiotic is able to quickly and easily kill millions of genetically identical bacteria.
200
Which of these physical factors would have the GREATEST effect on the types of plants that could thrive in an ecosystem?
temperature and rainfall
200
All BUT ONE statement describes an advantage of meiosis
Meiosis occurs often because it allows growth and repair of body tissues in multicellular organisms
200
If DNA replication continues as illustrated, which statement MOST accurately describes the expected results?
One strand of replicated DNA will provide a altered code for one amino acid
200
Both male and female gametes are created during the process of meiosis. The formation of male gametes or sperm is called spermatogenesis. After telophase II of spermatogenesis, there would be __________ male gametes created that are all genetically __________.
4; different
200
According to cell theory, all cells carry out the functions needed to sustain life. That means all cells must contain
DNA
300
If you ate bacon and fried eggs for breakfast, the largest component of the energy would come from the
fats
300
All organisms contain DNA, and every organism's DNA is made of the same four nucleotides. The differences between organisms is simply based on the order of these nucleotides. Since all organisms have the same basic, universal structure for DNA, which of these must also be universal?
All codons in all organisms' DNA code for the same amino acids.
300
Pepsin, a common enzyme found in the stomach, is most active at pH values between 0.5 and 2.5. It works slowly between pH values of 2.6 and 3.4. Beyond a pH of about 3.5, it becomes completely inactive. Why does this happen?
The protein chain in the enzyme is denatured, permanently inactivating it as the pH approaches 7.
300
During his groundbreaking experimental work with chemical evolution, Stanley Miller stated: The essential difference between life and non-life is replication. Miller also hypothesized that small inorganic molecules gave rise to larger organic molecules or polymers. Based on Miller's experiments, chemical evolution theory proposes that the first genetic material was probably
RNA
300
A group of four students was given different parts of four varieties of plants to grow: i. Stems of raspberries ii. Roots of potatoes iii. Stems of rose plants iv. Bulbs of onion After growing all the plants, students found that all of them were identical to their parent plants. All BUT WHICH statement explains this?
Offspring may look much like the parent plant, although genetically different.
400
One difference between mitochondria and chloroplasts is
mitochondria produce water from oxygen while chloroplasts produce oxygen from water.
400
How can a genetic disorder, such as Turner's syndrome, occur?
nondisjunction during meiosis
400
A section of DNA is transcribed to produce a strand of mRNA. The original DNA has the following sequence of nitrogen bases: ATG GCC CAA TCG TGA Due to a point mutation, transcription results in the mRNA sequence of: UAC CGG GUU AGU ACU Transcription in this case will result in
the correct sequence of amino acids in the synthesized protein.
400
Why would too much salt intake cause someone to develop high blood pressure?
Salt in the bloodstream causes fluids to enter the blood from surrounding cells, due to osmosis
400
A change in a sequence of DNA bases in a bacterial cell has resulted in a mutation. This mutation has increased the ability of the bacteria to break down and digest organic molecules in the environment. Bacteria with this mutation are better able to find and utilize food sources. According to the theory of natural selection, what is MOST likely to occur in future generations of this bacteria?
The relative frequency of the mutation will increase as time passes
500
YOUR GOAL: You are studying how a particular gene, named Insom, might play a role in insomnia. You want to study mice with this gene turned off. To knockout the Insom gene you will
replace it with a mutated, inactive copy of Insom.
500
All of the following circumstances, EXCEPT ___________ can produce new combinations of genetic traits in sperm and eggs that are different from the parents.
errors during mitosis
500
Acid rain causes the pH of rivers, lakes, and streams on Earth to change. Based on the data table, which animal population will be the LAST to die out due to an increase in acid rain?
frogs
500
Giraffes were the subject of debate in the early days of evolutionary theory. LaMarck believed in acquired characteristics, while Darwin believed in evolution by natural selection. Which is an accurate match between the author, and how he would explain the long neck of giraffes?
Darwin believed that giraffes with longer necks had a higher survival rate, due to ease of feeding and reproduction, and this is the way giraffes evolved.
500
When DNA is copied, sometimes a new, incorrect, base pairing appears within the structure of a new DNA molecule replacing original base pairs. This mistake is called a base-pair
substitution
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