Genetics & Evolution/ Natural Selection
Human blood types are determined by three alleles which are?
A, B, O
What is a limiting factor?
Circumstances or resources that limit growth, reproduction, or distribution of organisms...provide environmental resistance and prevent population from growing indefinitely (stop when reach carrying capacity)
What produces bile?
Liver
What stores urine until it is released from the body?
Bladder
Which type of connective tissue hold bones to other bones? Muscles to bones?
ligaments; tendons
What kind of trait is colorblindness?
Recessive
Give examples of biotic limiting factors
Competition, predation, disease, symbiosis, etc.
Pancreas
What is the working part of the kidney?
The nephron
Give an example of a gliding joint
Wrist, ankle, foot, vertabrae
Define "evolution"
Theory that species (or population) have changed gradually over time...evolves as allele frequencies (%) (How often an allele occurs) due to natural selection.
Water, temperature, light, pH, salinity, oxygen, soil, nutrients, etc.
Oxygenated blood enters this heart chamber after coming from the lungs
Left atrium
What is the fatty layer that surrounds the axon and protects it and allows impulses to move quickly?
Myelin sheath
Muscles always work in ____ pairs
What are four types of indirect evidence for evolution?
Fossil record, comparative anatomy, comparative embryology, comparative biochemistry
Define "symbiosis"
When two species live closely together in a relationship over (a long) time.
Vessel leaving the heart that sends deoxygenated blood to the lungs.
Pulmonary artery
Dendrite
What is a flexor?
One muscle that bends at the joint when it contracts.
What are Darwin's four main points related to his "Theory of Natural Selection"?
Overproduction of offspring: More offspring are produced than survive, so that some may live to reproduce.
Struggle for survival: More organisms than resources to go around leads to competition.
Variation: Range of traits w/in population due to...sexual reproduction, crossing over during meiosis, arrangement of chromosomes during meiosis, mutations
Successful reproduction: Those organisms with traits that are beneficial will be the ones that generally survive, reproduce, and pass on their genes. ("survival of the fittest")...more offspring have favorable adaptation than before.
Define and give an example of commensalism.
Symbiotic relationship in which one partner benefits from the relationship and the other neither benefits nor is harmed. EX: Insect that eats fur that falls of of deer
Bronchi
What carries impulses away from cell body towards end branch?
Axon
What is an extensor?