Spine
what parts of the vertebrae are in the anterior portion? posterior?
Anterior elements: Body
Posterior elements: pedicles, transverse processes, lamina, spinous process
describe lateral deviation to the right
moves down to the right
what happens to the facets during flexion
inferior facets of superior vertebrae slide superiorly and anteriorly on the superior facets of the inferior vertebrae
Which segment of the neck contributes most to cervical rotation?
Atlantoaxial Joint
sarcomeres "in series" favor_________, sarcomeres "in parallel" favor __________
excursion, force production
what is a characteristic that is unique to the thoracic spine
demifacets
these 3 muscles provide constant pressure to TMJ to prevent disc dislocation
masseter, temporalis, medial pterygoid
during lateral flexion, the ipsilateral side inferior facet of superior vertebrate slides ______ and ____
inferior and posteriorly
What ligament contributes to stopping cervical rotation at the atlantoaxial joint?
alar ligament
what does a greater physiologic cross sectional area (PCSA) represent
greater muscle torque, more sarcomeres "packed" in
Which region usually moves first when bending forward?
lumbosacral region (pelvis)
describe the movement of mandible depression/elevation
depression: hinge joint to translation, disc moves from posterior/superior position to anterior/inferior, condyle of mandible moves down articular eminence
elevation, translation to hinge joint, disc moves from anterior/inferior to posterior/superior, condyle of mandible moves up articular eminence
nucleus pulposus resists_____loads and the annulus fibrosus resists____ loads
compressive, tensile
Where does the majority of rotation occur after the atlantoaxial joint?
c2 to c7
which contraction has the least potential for force generation
concentric (slide #44)
The orientation of the lumbar zygapophyseal joints favors what motions? Thoracic zygapophyseal joints?
Lumbar: flexion/extension, Thoracic: lateral flexion and rotation
list the 3 primary ligaments of the TMJ
TM ligament, stylomandibular ligament, sphenomandibular ligament
what happens to the IV disc during anterior tilt/posterior tilt
anterior: anterior compression and bulge
posterior: posterior compression and bulge
cervical vertebrate have a _____ degree angle
45
which muscle cell bodies are recruited first, why?
small cell bodies recruited first to conserve energy, recruit more as needed, as force increases, larger motor units are recruited
curves given or exaggerated by repeated stress and effect of gravity over time
what is the function of the retrodiscal pads
inferior lamina - limits disc forward translation during mandibular closing - tether, superior lamina - allows disc to translate anteriorly during mandibular depression
what is articular disc displacement
reciprocal click during elevation or depression of mandible (Gold standard diagnostic for articular disc displacement and reduction)
during extension in the atlantooccipital joint, the occipital condyles roll______ and slide _______
posteriorly, anteriorly
small distal muscles require ____
and proximal larger muscls rely more on _______
frequent firing, recruitment