Tensile: stretched
Compressive: compressed
Shear:side to side
What is types of "normalized loading"
100
when stretched to a length where it returns to its original shape/length
What is elastic behavior
100
isotropic: same mechanical properties in every direction
anisotropic: different mechanical properties in every direction
What is biological tissue behavior
100
active force generation maximal when muscles are at rest
f(eccentric)>f(isometric)>f(concentric)
What is force length relationship
100
more time = more force
countermovement before activity
eccentric to concentric motion
force velocity relationship, SSC goes from left to right within.
-potentiation of muscle
What is Short Stretch Cycle (SSC)
200
torsion: twisted
Bending: one side compressed, one time stretched
Combination: (bone experiences one of factors): weight bearing, muscle action, twisting
What is types of "complex" loading
200
when stretched past yield point and returns to a new "original" length
What is plastic behavior
200
Creep: constant compressive stress
-increase strain/ strain reaches max
Stress Relaxation:constant compressive strain
-increase stress/ stress reaches max/ relax to lower value
Hysteresis:different loading/unloading responses
- load/ unload
What are the three types of Viscoelasticity
200
muscle in one (SJ) cannot lengthen as long as other (MJ)
What is single joint vs. multi joint
200
fundamental moves> skill> technique> style
what is Levels of performance
300
Force/Area N/m^2
"normalized loading"
What is stress
300
furthest point a muscle can be stretched in order to return to its original length
What is yield point
300
Structural/Mechanical/Neural
work/displacement
loading = passive
unloading= active
What is force product
300
(motor units & rate of activation potential)
1. recruitment
-size/task group/synchronous
2. increase rate of activation potential (AP)
measurement of deformation
(change in length)-(initial length) X 100 =%
What is strain
400
connective: composed of cell, mineral, water, collagen, elastin
-bone
-cartilage
-ligament (bone to bone)
-tendon (bone to muscle)
What is Tissues
400
parallel elastic (passive)
-connective tissue that surrounds sarcomere
series elastic (passive)
-tendon
contractile (active)
-sarcomere
What is the Mechanical (hill model)
400
electrical muscle activity/ cooperation of muscles.
:difficult to quantify
What is electromyography (EMG)
400
Prep: knowledge
Observe: vantage point
Eval: identify errors
Intervene: feedback
What is 4 tasks of application
500
change in stress/ change in strain
"stiffness" of an object
What is Youngs Modulus
500
Cross sectional area: parallel and pennate
-parallel: greater ROM, less tension
-pennate: Less ROM, greater tension
What is Muscle Architecture
500
maximum force and maximum velocity are dependent on each other
-force demand high= slower, shorten
eccentric-lengthen, concentric-shorten
optimal force= isometric muscle action
What is Force Velocity relationship
500
gather info about motion and force in muscle and joint to regulate motion
-golgi tendon organ: tendon force
-muscle spindle: muscle length. *Keeps from over-stretching