The Lego Movie
[Noun] Informatics
The Horse's Mouth
Anything You Can Do I Can Do Better
He's Got Issues
100
This term is often used erroneously to refer to the broad field of biomedical informatics.
What is bioinformatics? Originally referring to the informatics of biotechnology (DNA and protein sequencing), it is typically used for informatics related to molecular biology and computational biology, but it does not cover the domain of clinical informatics.
100
He was the designer of the problem-oriented medical record.
Who is Larry Weed? His original paper published in two parts in the New England Journal of Medicine in 1968 is a classic in informatics and contains many forward thinking ideas that are still futuristic today.
100
This NLM resource has clinical study results, including those that have not yet appeared in the published in literature.
What is ClinicalTrials.gov? The Food and Drug Administration Amendments Act of 2007 (FDAAA; pronounced "fa-DAA") and the International Council of Medical Journal Editors both require researchers to register their trials prior to subject enrollment.
100
This popular open source system is being used around the world for electronic capture of research data.
What is REDCap? REDCap currently has 1,424 active institutional partners in 90 countries.
100
This messaging standard has been widely adopted for the exchange of laboratory and other EHR data.
What is HL7? Version 2 has been popular but has many limitations. Version 3 adoption has proved cumbersome. A new light-weight version called FHIR (pronounced "fire") has been developed to address these issues.
200
This is considered the most important desideratum of controlled biomedical terminologies.
What is concept orientation? Establishing the idea that the unit of discourse is the concept, not the term or name for the concept, it includes the requirements for nonvagueness, nonredundancy and nonredundnacy, and it is the basis for other desiderata, such as concept permanence.
200
This system contains comprehensive patient information, including health maintenance data.
What is an electronic health record (EHR)? EHRs typically support additional functions such as computerized provider order entry and clinical decision support.
200
This resource at NLM includes 3.3 million full-text articles.
What is PubMed Central?
200
This stochastic modeling method describes a sequence of possible events in which the probability of each event depends only on the state attained in the previous event.
What is Markov modeling? In addition to the Markov chains we have seen, there are also forms called hidden Markov models and Markov random fields.
200
These high-quality standard terminologies are being required for exchange of laboratory and medication data, respectively.b
What are LOINC and RXNorm? Both of these can be obtained from the UMLS.
300
Not a reference to twisted orthodonture, this is the most significant impediment to sharing Medical Logic Modules.
What is the curly braces problem? Medical Logic Modules, or MLMs, provide a standard way to express decision support logic, but the mapping of the logical concepts to EHR data is expressed as un-automatable narrative text enclosed in { }.
300
This emerging approach for disease prevention and treatment takes into account people's individual variations in genes, environment and lifestyle.
What is precision medicine? Launched with a $215 million investment in the President’s 2016 Budget, the Precision Medicine Initiative will pioneer a new model of patient-powered research that promises to accelerate biomedical discoveries and provide clinicians with new tools, knowledge, and therapies to select which treatments will work best for which patients.
300
Developed at the Massachusetts General Hospital, this was computer language is the basis for many electronic health record system.
What is MUMPS? This acronym for the second ANSI-standard computer language stands for Massachusetts (General Hospital) Utility Multi-Programming System
300
According to Warner Slack this is the largest and least utilized health care resource.
What is the patient? One tool used by patients is the Personal health records (PHRs) contain the same types of information as EHRs—diagnoses, medications, immunizations, family medical histories, and provider contact information but are designed to be managed by patients. They can be tethered to an EHR or stand-alone.
300
This law includes a provision to protect personal health information.
What is the Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)? Data can be considered de-identified by removal of 18 "safe harbor" items (one of which is "anything else") or by a method certified by a privacy expert.
400
This simulation method relies on randomization.
What is stochastic modeling? This class of computational algorithms relies on random assignment of modeling variables. Monte Carlo simulation, named because of its similarity to casino gambling, is a well-known example of stochastic modeling.
400
This is responsible for up physicians and nurses overriding up to 96% of alerts from clinical decision support systems.
What is alert fatigue? Alert logic typically does not have access to information that allows clinicians to override alerts safely (such as past medical history) and after a series of false positives, fatigue sets in.
400
Semantic Medline uses this technique to summarize Medline citations.
What is natural language processing? The Semantic MEDLINE Database contains approximately 70 million semantic predications from more than 23.5 million PubMed citations.
400
This standard supports exchange of medical images and their metadata.
What is the Digital Imaging and Communications in Medicine (DICOM) standard? DICOM enables the integration of scanners, servers, workstations, printers, and network hardware from multiple manufacturers into a picture archiving and communication system (PACS).
400
Although its name was politically correct when it was established in 1990, the name of this Bethesda, Maryland organization, the professional home for biomedical informatics, is a bit anachronistic.
What is the American Medical Informatics Association (AMIA)? AMIA's Annual Symposium is the largest annual biomedical informatics conference in the world, usually held in November, usually in Washington, DC.
500
This measure looks at the distribution of genetic findings in a population and judges if this pattern is the result of known genetic inheritance, or not.
What is the Hardy-Weinberg statistic? The calculation relies on seven underlying assumptions, including that organisms are diploid, only sexual reproduction occurs, generations are non overlapping, mating is random, population size is infinitely large, allele frequencies are equal in the sexes, and there is no migration, mutation or selection.
500
What two systems typically manage images and reports for radiology departments but do not share information.
What are PACS and RIS? PACS stands for Picture Archiving and Communication System. RIS stands for Radiology Information System.
500
This linked resource from the NCBI has information on disorders with links to the literature, genetic tests and clinical trials.
What is MEDGEN? NCBI also hosts GENE, which contains biological information about a gene expression, structure and function.
500
This method for coding data uses predetermined coded terms to create new combinations at coding time.
What is post-coordination? This differs from pre-coordination, in which complex terms are created in advance as unique concepts in a terminology.
500
This type of standard is developed by open groups of interested stakeholders.
What is a consensus standard? Consensus standards development requires balanced voting among categories of participants and overwhelming agreement.
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