Phases
This phase requires 100-300 volunteers.
Phase II
Disease incidence and its distribution in a population
What type of research takes place after basic and applied research?
Clinical research
Placebos can ONLY have a positive effect.
False; placebos have no effect.
____ or ____ are most commonly used in experimental testing.
Mice/Rats
This phase takes around one year to finish.
Phase I
Name the 3 general types of epidemiological studies.
What type of research is used to develop a new vaccine or treatment for a disease like Zika?
Applied
Computer simulations are limited by laboratory testing.
True.
As many as _____ to _____ volunteers should be used in Phase 3.
1000-3000
During which phase of clinical trials is the safety and effectiveness tested?
Phase III
Which type of epidemiological study is limited by legal considerations?
Experimental.
A synthesis of what is an example of applied research?
New drug, treatment, medication, etc.
An example of a vitro test is an Ames test for mutagenicity.
True.
Basic research is considered the _________ ______ level of research
Building blocks.
This phase determines the therapeutic effect a drug may have on the human system.
Phase I
What type of epidemiology finds correlations among characteristics like diet, air quality, and occupation?
Descriptive.
A teacher assigns a student to write a research paper on Alzheimer's disease. This is an example of what kind of research?
Basic
Animals provide the best surrogate for humans.
True
Vitro tests can also be referred to as "__ _____" tests.
In glass
List the number of volunteers and the time it takes to complete each phase.
Phase I: Small number, one year
Phase II: 100-300, two years
Phase III: 1000-3000 three years
List a strength and a limitation of epidemiological studies.
Answers may vary.
Strengths: Epidemiological studies offer direct opportunity to study diseases. Identify patterns and distribution of disease
Weaknesses: Considerable human exposure can take place before a toxic effect is detected. Difficult to demonstrate a cause-and-effect relationship. Difficulty in determining the control group
Where does clinical research take place? (Provide a location)
Hospital or healthcare facility
A strength of vitro tests is that cells grown in culture are not exposed to other functions.
False; this limits vitro tests.
Tissues/cells