Carbohydrates
What is the function of a carbohydrate?
Quick energy
What is the function of a lipid?
long-term energy storage, insulation
What is the function of a protein?
Proteins provide structure for the body and make up enzymes.
What is the function of a nucleic acid?
to store genetic information
What is the monomer of a carbohydrate
monosaccharide
What elements make up carbohydrates?
CHO
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen
What elements make up lipids?
CHO
Carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen
What elements make up protein?
CHON
Carbon, Hydrogen, Oxygen, and Nitrogen (sometimes sulphur)
What elements make up a nucleic acid?
CHONP
Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, phosphorous
What is the monomer of a protein
amino acid
Where are carbohydrates located in a cell?
Make up plant cell walls (structure)
On the outside of animal cells (communication)
Where are lipids located in a cell?
They compose the cell membrane (phospholipids) and the vesicles
Where are proteins located in the cell?
They make up membrane proteins to allow for transport of molecules in and out of the cell.
Where are nucleic acids located within a eukaryotic cell?
Within the nucleus.
What is the monomer of a nucleic acid
What are two ways that carbohydrates are different than proteins?
Carbohydrates provide energy to the cell and do not contain the element nitrogen.
How are lipids similar to nucleic acids?
Both of them contain the elements CHO
Certain processes in the body must occur at a rate sufficient to sustain life. Why do these processes depend on proteins? Some proteins–
a. store energy as fat and oils
b. increase the rate of reactions
c. help support cellular shape
d. are composed of DNA or RNA
increase the rate of reactions
What are the two examples of nucleic acids?
DNA and RNA
What do enzymes do to the rate of reaction?
They speed up the rates of reaction.
What is a similarity between carbohydrates and lipids? What is a difference between carbohydrates and lipids?
They both provide energy, but lipids are long-term and carbohydrates are short-term.
If someone were to go on a completely fat free diet, what would happen in their cells?
They would not be receiving any excess fat, so their body would have to break down fat reserves to be able to create more cell membranes.
If someone were protein deficient, how might this affect them at the cellular level?
Their cells would not have enough transport proteins, which would not allow the cell to have enough nutrients.
How does the function of a nucleic acid differ from the function of a lipid? How are they similar?
Nucleic acids store genetic information, but lipids store energy. They both provide storage.
What happens to the enzyme after the reaction with the reactants takes place?
It is able to be reused for other reactants once the products leave the active site.