Biomolecules 1
In humans and other multicellular organisms, this substance plays a central role as an quick energy source
What is carbohydrate?
Amino acids are the building block of what molecule?
Proteins
The two types of nucleic acids
What are DNA and RNA?
Enzymes _________ reactions in the cells by _______________________.
Speed up
Lowering the activation energy
What are the four biomolecules?
Proteins
Lipids
Nucleic Acids
Carbohydrates
This contains deoxyribose sugar and is made of nucleic acids.
What is DNA?
What class of molecules store and communicate genetic information?
Nucleic Acids
The area on an enzyme where the substrate binds
What is the active site?
The energy needed to start a reaction is called this.
Activation energy
What is the complex carb used to build cell walls in plants?
Cellulose
This macromolecules is a prominent part of animal tissue and functions in insulation, helping animals conserve heat and is also hydrophobic?
Lipids
Which macromolecule stores long-term energy for an organism?
lipids
Enzymes are named after the substrate they react with - replacing the "ose" with "ase". This is the enzyme that breaks down Lactose.
Lactase
List three functions of proteins
Transport molecules
Repair of tissues
Contraction of muscles
Enzymes
What is the complex carb used to build exoskeletons in arthropods?
Chitin
This macromolecule can act as transport molecules and enzymes.
What are proteins?
This complex carbohydrate is used for food (short term energy) storage in animals.
What is glycogen?
What two factors can change the shape of an enzyme? (Denaturation)
Temperature and pH
List three functions of carbohydrates
Quick energy
Structure of cell walls
Structure of Exoskeletons
What is the difference between a competitive and noncompetitive inhibitor?
Competitive- binds to the active site and the substrate can not bind
Noncompetitive- binds to a separate site on the enzyme, changing the shape of the active site
This macromolecule is used for food storage in plants. One of our complex carbs. (think potatoes)
What is starch/amylose?
Give an example of an enzyme
lactase, sucrase, etc...
What is our simple sugar used most commonly for quick energy?
Glucose
List three functions of lipids
Thermoregulation
Insulation
Cell membrane
Emergency energy
What is an activator?
AN activator binds to the allosteric (separate site) on the enzyme and changes the shape of the active site in order for the substrate to bind.