Lipids
Define a Lipid
Used to store energy and some are important parts of biological membrane and waterproof layers
Define a Protein
Some can control the rate of reaction and regulate cell processes. Some are used to form bones and muscles. Some transport substances into or out of cells or to help fight disease
Define a Nucleic Acid
Nucleic acids store and transmit hereditary or genetic information
Define a Carbohydrate
Living things use carbohydrates as a main source of energy, plants and some animals use carbohydrates for structural purposes
Define a Enzyme
Enzymes speed up chemical reactions that take place in cells
What do steroids do?
they serve as chemical messengers
What are the monomers of proteins?
amino acids
What are the 3 main parts of a nucleotide?
a five-carbon sugar, a nitrogenous base, and a phosphate group
What supplies immediate energy for all cell activities?
the breakdown of sugars
How do catalysts work?
Catalysts work by lowering a reaction’s activation energy
What does polyunsaturated mean?
more than one double bond
How many amino acids have been discovered in nature so far?
more than 20
Nucleic acids are macromolecules containing...?
Nucleic acids are macromolecules containing hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen, carbohydrates, and phosphorus
What do living things store extra sugar as?
starches
Lowering the activation energy does what to a chemical reaction
Lowering the activation energy has a dramatic effect on how quickly the reaction is completed
How are most lipids formed?
Most are formed when a glycerol molecule combines with fatty acids
Where are the instructions for arranging amino acids into many different proteins stored?
DNA
What is the difference between RNA and DNA?
RNA has sugar ribose and DNA has sugar deoxyribose
What does glycogen in your muscles do?
Glycogen stored in your muscles supplies energy for muscle contraction
Enzymes provide a site where reactants can do what?
Enzymes provide a site where reactants can be brought together to react
If each carbon atom in a lipid’s fatty acid chains in joined to another carbon atom by a single atom bond, the lipid is...? Why?
saturated because the fatty acids contain the maximum possible number of hydrogen atoms
What makes up an amino acid?
Amino acids are compounds with an amino group (-NH2) on one end and the carboxyl group (-COOH) on the other end
What are the two kinds of nucleic acids? (full name)
ribonucleic acid (RNA) and deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA)
What compounds make up carbohydrates and what is the ratio?
Carbohydrates are compounds made up of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen in a ratio of 1:2:1
What binds enzymes and substrates together and what do they form
Enzymes and substrates are bound together by intermolecular forces, and they form an enzyme-substrate complex