Carbonhydrates
What is the monomer called for carbohydrates
Monosaccharides
What is a Lipid
Lipids are a diverse group of molecules that are classified together because they share one trait
What are the two types of polymers for nucleic acids
DNA and RNA
What is a protein?
A protein is a polymer of small building blocks called amino acids
What is the hydroxyl group
The hydroxyl group consists of a hydrogen atom bonded to an oxygen atom
What is the definition of carbohydrates
The class of molecules that range from small sugar molecules like those dissolved in soft drinks, to large polysaccharides such as starch molecules that we consume
What trait does lipids share and what does that trait mean
Hydrophobic which means they are water fearing molecules
What is the monomer called for nucleic acids and how many parts does it contain
Nucleotides and three parts
Which protein is the most important and why?
Enzymes which is when the chemical catalyst that speed and regulate virtually all chemical reactions in your cell
What is a carbonyl group
A carbon atom is linked by a double bond to an oxygen atom
How are glucose and fructose isomers?
They differ only in the arrangement of their atoms so the positions of the carbonyl group in their structures. Which gives them different properties such as how they react with other molecules
What type of fats relate to lipids and what do they each do
Unsaturated fats contains one or more double bonds, saturated bonds has the maximum number of hydrogen atoms and has no double bonds.Trans fat is a form that associates to health risks
What is the nucleotides polymer called and what does it do
A polynucleotide which is built from its monomers by dehydration reactions
Structural proteins are found in what? And which structure accounts for 40% of the protein in your body?
They are found in the fibers that make up your tendons and ligaments and the structural protein collagen
What is the carboxyl group and how can it act?
A carboxyl group consists of a carbon double- bonded to a hydroxyl group and acts as an acid by contributing an H plus to a solution
What is the main fuel for cellular work and why
Monosaccharides particularly glucose because cells release energy from glucose when they break it down
The main function of fat is energy storage, a gram of fat stores more than twice as much energy as a gram of polysaccharide
What does RNA and DNA form around and how does it work
They form around the double helix and the nitrogenous bases protrude from the two sugar-phosphate backbones and pair in the the center of the helix
What is it called when the proteins are altered and what happens when it is altered?
Denaturation is when a protein unravels, losing its specific shape and as a result its function
What is an amino group and act as what?
An amino group has nitrogen bonded to two hydrogens and it can act as a base by picking up an H plus from a solution and becoming ionized
What do cells construct from monosaccharide with what reaction. And how does it work?
Disaccharide with a dehydration reaction which happens when one monomer gives up a hydroxyl group and the other gives up a hydrogen atom
What are the important lipids that have a variety of functions and what do they do
Phospholipids which the cells cannot exist without and is the major component of cell membranes and they only contain two fatty acids that are attached to glycerol instead of three. Next is steroids is which the carbon skeleton contains four fused rings
Why is the structure of DNA so important for the functions of nucleic acids
Complementary base paring is the key, the double helix unzips and new complementary strands assemble along the separated strands
What happens when a protein doesn't fold correctly?
Many diseases including Alzheimers and Parkinson's involve an accumulation of misfiled proteins. Such diseases reinforce the important correlation between structure and function
What is a Phosphate and methyl group?
A phosphate group consists of a phosphorus atom bonded to four oxygen atoms and a methyl group consists of a carbon bonded to three hydrogen atoms