Electric
this type of current can cause accumulation of ions and may cause burns
A. Burst
B. Alternating
C. Pulsed
D. Direct
D. Direct
the goal of this agent is wound healing, reduce edema, strength, and pain reduction
A. TENS
B. Interferential Current (IFC)
C. High-Volt Pulsed current (HVPC)
D. Russian
C. High-Volt Pulsed current (HVPC)
The following are signs of wear on an electrode and need for new ones
A. Subjective reports (pain, "pinching", "shocking")
B. Stinging or decreased feeling
C. Skin reddening
D. Physical appearance, integrity of connectors
E. A, B, C
F. B, C, D
G. A, B, C, D
G. A, B, C, D
Which of the following is true regarding Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)?
A. used with a person who has intact innervation to strengthen the innervation
B. NMES replaces resistance exercise
C. Increases frequency that motor units are recruited
D. used in early injury or post-surgery to combat strength loss caused by neural impairment
E. A, B, C
F. A, C, D
G. A, B, D
F. A, C, D - NMES must be used similarly to resistance training with heavy loads to induce strength gains
true or false: the goal of functional electrical stimulation (FES) is strength gain
False: Primary goal IS NOT strength gain, Used to facilitate and improve purposeful movement – Assist in ambulation, reverse cardiopulmonary deconditioning, attenuate bone demineralization, and improve circulation.
Used for a patient who has inability to volitionally activate skeletal muscle – Secondary to stroke, cva, head injury, spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve injury or other neurological disorder
what is the goal of using russian current
A. Pain modulation
B. Longevity
C. Strength
D. Relaxation
C. Strength
This currents goal is pain modulation in a sweeping pattern
A. TENS
B. Interferential Current (IFC)
C. High-Volt Pulsed current (HVPC)
D. NMES
B. Interferential Current (IFC)
True or false: dry needling is a form of electrode
True, this is the invasive or indwelling form of electrode. Dry needles once placed can be hooked up to e-stim
what are the parameters for Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)?
A. Pulse frequency (Hz): 0-50pps (bursts per second), Pulse duration (width): 20-60 microseconds
B. Pulse frequency (Hz): 20-100pps (bursts per second), Pulse duration (width): 200-600 microseconds
C. Pulse frequency (Hz): 200-300pps (bursts per second), Pulse duration (width): 400-800 microseconds
B. Pulse frequency (Hz): 20-100pps (bursts per second), Pulse duration (width): 200-600 microseconds
what is the parameters for functional electrical stimulation (FES):
A: Pulse Frequency(Hz): 20-100pps, Pulse Duration(Width): 250-500 microseconds
B: Pulse Frequency(Hz): 0-50pps, Pulse Duration(Width): 250-500 microseconds
C: Pulse Frequency(Hz): 100-250pps, Pulse Duration(Width): 250-500 microseconds
A: Pulse Frequency(Hz): 20-100pps, Pulse Duration(Width): 250-500 microseconds
This type of current gives 50 bursts per second with 10msec intervals, and typical protocol is 10 seconds on/50 seconds off
A. TENS
B. Interferential Current (IFC)
C. High-Volt Pulsed current (HVPC)
D. Russian
D. Russian
In this current, two currents intersect each other perpendicularly within the tissue
A. Interferential Current (IFC)
B. Russian
C. NMES
D. Iontophoresis
A. Interferential Current (IFC)
In electrode placement, if the electrodes are farther apart, the penetration is...
A. surface level
B. deep
C. non existant
B. deep – With greater spacing more motor units being stimulated and greater current amplitude for deeper tissues
what is the approproate amplitue and on/off time for Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)?
A. Amplitude: greater than or equal to 20% Maximum Voluntary Contraction (MVC), On/Off Time: 1:3 to 1:5 with on time up to 10 sec and off time up to 30 sec
B. Amplitude: greater than or equal to 80% MVC, On/Off Time: 1:3 to 1:5 with on time up to 10 sec and off time up to 60 sec
C. Amplitude: greater than or equal to 50% MVC, On/Off Time: 1:3 to 1:5 with on time up to 10 sec and off time up to 50 sec
C. Amplitude: Visible strong muscle contraction (maximally tolerated) greater than or equal to 50% MVC, On/Off Time: 1:3 to 1:5 with on time up to 10 sec and off time up to 50 sec
what amplitude should you aim for in functional electrical stimulation (FES)
A. Amplitude: no muscle contraction
B. Amplitude: trace muscle contraction (grade 1-2/5)
C. Amplitude: Obtain a muscle contraction (grade 3-/5)
D. Amplitude: Maximum muscle contraction (grade 5/5)
C. Amplitude: Obtain a muscle contraction (grade 3-/5)
Interferential Current (IFC) uses how many electrodes?
A. 1
B. 2
C. 3
D. 4
D. 4
(Match the word to the blank space) A ______ current is created within the electrical machine itself and ___ electrodes are needed, whereas a _________ current is created within the body and __ electrodes are needed
A. pre-modulated, 2 electrodes
B. pre-modulated, 4 electrodes
C. unmodulated, 4 electrodes
D. unmodulated, 2 electrodes
A. pre-modulated, 2 electrodes
C. unmodulated, 4 electrodes
True or False: Just using 4 pads does not mean it is quadripolar
True: its not uncommon to use 4 pads with pre-modulated or muscle
stimulation, but these are two separate circuits (two separate
bipolar arrangements)
For best outcome of Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES), what should treatment time look like?
A. At least 20 contractions up to 2 hour/day, 5-7 times/week, 6-10 weeks
B. At least 10 contractions up to 1 hour/day, 3-5 times/week, 4-8 weeks
C. At least 5 contractions up to 1 hour/day, 3-5 times/week, 4-6 weeks
D. At least 30 contractions up to 1 hour/day, 2-3 times/week, 2-3 weeks
B. At least 10 contractions up to 1 hour/day, 3-5 times/week, 4-8 weeks
Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve stimulation (TENS) primary goal is:
A. Pain modulation
B. retraining
C. Strength
D. Relaxation
A. Pain modulation
What is the goal for symmetrical and asymmetrical biphasic pulsed current
A. pain modulation
B. Wound Healing
C. Muscle Stimulation
D. A and B
E. A and C
E. A and C
what is the goal of a microcurrent?
A. pain modulation
B. Strength
C. Wound Healing
D. Power
C. Wound Healing
What is the goal of Neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES)?
A. pain modulation
B. Wound Healing
C. Muscle Stimulation
C. Muscle Stimulation - to elicit contraction of skeletal muscle to obtain physiologic improvements that result from exercise training - Used to treat atrophic muscle after injury or disease
what is functional electrical stimulation (FES) used for?
A. pain modulation
B. Wound Healing
C. reducation and retraining
C. reducation and retraining - Used for a patient who has inability to volitionally activate skeletal muscle – Secondary to stroke, cva, head injury, spinal cord injury, peripheral nerve injury or other neurological disorder
Parameters for Transcutaneous Electrical Nerve stimulation (TENS) are:
A. Pulse frequency(Hz): 10-50pps, Pulse Duration(width): 50-80 microseconds
B. Pulse frequency(Hz): 20-50pps, Pulse Duration(width): 30-60 microseconds
C. Pulse frequency(Hz): 150-200pps, Pulse Duration(width): 30-60 microseconds
D. Pulse frequency(Hz): 100-150pps, Pulse Duration(width): 50-80 microseconds
D. Pulse frequency(Hz): 100-150pps, Pulse Duration(width): 50-80 microseconds