Blood Glucose
This part of the brain helps control blood sugar by talking to other body parts like the liver and pancreas. It helps keep sugar levels balanced.
What is the hypothalamus?
These are the five basic tastes humans can detect, each using different types of receptors to respond to specific chemicals.
What are sweet, sour, salty, bitter, and umami?
These are signs in the body (like proteins or brain scans) that help doctors tell if someone might have a brain disease, even before symptoms show.
What are biomarkers?
This reading assessment method asks students to fill in missing words in a passage. It helps measure reading comprehension and fluency and is most connected to cognitive processes like memory and language.
What is Maze reading?
This unwanted electrical signal, often caused by blinking, cell phone interference, or movement, can disrupt EEG recordings.
What is an artifact?
When blood sugar is too low, these helper brain cells try to protect neurons by using more sugar. If this lasts too long, the cells can get damaged.
What are astrocytes during low blood sugar?
These three cranial nerves carry taste signals from different parts of the mouth to the brain: the facial, glossopharyngeal, and this nerve.
What is the vagus nerve ?
Mary is beginning to lose her keys a lot. She needs her daughter to go to all of her doctors appointments with her. What likely would a clinician diagnose her with?
what is cognitive impairment?
This pyramid model represents a system of support in schools that helps identify and assist students at different levels of need, from general education to intensive intervention.
What is the Multi-Tiered System of Support (MTSS)?
This thalamic structure relays visual information from the eye to the primary visual cortex.
What is the lateral geniculate nucleus (LGN)?
This barrier protects the brain and only lets certain things in, like glucose. It’s made of tight cell connections and special transport systems.
What is the blood-brain barrier?
Taste signals from the tongue travel through three main nerves (facial, glossopharyngeal, and vagus) to the brainstem, then to the thalamus, and finally to this part of the brain that helps us understand what we’re tasting.
What is the gustatory cortex?
Doctors can collect CSF using this procedure, where a needle is inserted into the lower back.
What is a lumbar puncture (spinal tap)?
Your brain uses two pathways to understand language: one helps with meaning, and the other helps with speech and sounds.
What are the two language pathways (ventral for meaning and dorsal for speech)?
This term describes the brain’s preference for certain visual orientations, and the reduced sensitivity it shows when processing diagonal lines.
What is orientation bias (including oblique effect)?
During fasting, the body initiates this process in the liver and kidneys to maintain blood glucose levels.
What is gluconeogenesis?
These papillae types, located mostly on the front of the tongue, contain many taste buds and help detect sweet and salty flavors.
What are fungiform papillae?
This type of brain scan can show where amyloid or tau is building up and is often used as a biomarker in research.
What is a PET scan (positron emission tomography)?
This region of the brain, located in the left hemisphere, is essential for processing phonological information — helping you to sound out words as you read. It’s often activated when decoding words.
What is the posterior superior temporal gyrus (Wernicke’s area)?
This brain region is part of the occipital lobe and plays a key role in processing visual information, allowing readers to recognize individual letters and words while reading.
What is the primary visual cortex (V1)?
This is when there’s more of something on one side than the other. Things like sugar can move from high to low (passive), or get pushed from low to high (active), depending on the energy used.
What is a concentration gradient?
These taste types use G-protein coupled receptors (GPCRs) to detect their molecules, triggering a chemical response in the taste cell.
What are sweet, bitter, and umami?
In Parkinson’s disease, alpha-synuclein builds up and affects this deep brain area involved in movement, which CSF biomarkers can help monitor.
Substantia nigra?
This type of brainwave is associated with high-level cognitive functions like problem solving and context integration during Maze reading tasks, and is commonly observed in the temporal lobe.
What are gamma waves?
The participants ability to remember the orientation of the gradings is referred to as what.
visual working memory