Week 1
The number of individual vertebrae
What is 24?
This is highly comorbid with Multiple Sclerosis
The first person in Western written record to consider the brain to be the center of thought and emotion?
Who is Hippocrates?
Name the cranial nerves that have to do with eye movement
What is III, IV, VI?
OR what is III - oculomotor, IV - trochlear, and VI -abducens?
The dorsal stream ends here
Posterior Parietal Cortex
**begins with striate cortex
The horizontal plane in the spinal cord
What is the transverse plane in the spinal cord?
All-or-None Law
What is...AP either fires or does not fire. No change in size
Extended the concept of "experimental ablation" to humans
Who is Paul Broca?
Name the cranial nerves that have to do with vision and hearing/balance
II - Optic (vision) and VIII - Vestibulocochlear (Auditory)
The ventral stream ends here
Inferior temporal cortex
**begins with the striate cortex
A set of structures involved in processing information for motor movement
What is the basal ganglia?
Provides the best spacial AND temporal resolution
What is a functional MRI (fMRI)?
First people to map out the motor cortex within a living organism's brain
Gustav Fritsch + Eduard Hitzig
What is cranial nerve number I's name and function
Olfactory - smell
These are embedded in gelatinous mass containing otoconia (small crystals of calcium carbonate)
*think vestibular sac
Hair Cell Cilia
Regulates autonomic nervous system, controls pituitary, integrates species-typical behaviors
What is the hypothalamus?
Employs computer to analyze data obtained by a scanning beam of x-rays
What is a Computerized Tomography (CT) scan?
Known for the doctrine of specific nerve energies
Who is Johannes Muller?
Name cranial nerve XI and XII and their functions
XI - Accessory (spinal accessory; neck muscles)
XII - Hypoglossal (tongue movements)
The Spinothalamic Pathway
What is (RED) poorly localized info - synapse with other neurons and cross in the spinal cord (decussation), then ascends through the spinothalamic tract, travels to ventral posterior nuclei of the thalamus, projects to primary and then secondary somatosensory cortex ?
Guides migration of newly formed neurons from ventricular zone to cortex
What is the radial glia?
Requires cell to expend metabolic energy
What is a metabotropic receptor?
The first person to figure out that electrical stimulation can produce muscle movement
Who is Luigi Galvani?
Name cranial nerves V, VII, IX, and X?
V - Trigeminal (jaw muscles), VII - facial (taste), IX - Glassoparyngeal (taste, muscles of throat + larynx), X Vagus (internal organs)
The Dorsal Column-Medial Lemniscus Pathway
What is (BLUE) localized info - ascends through dorsal columns, cross in medulla (decussation), ascend through medial lemniscus, synapse on ventral posterior nuclei of thalamus, project to primary and then secondary somatosensory cortex