Sleep
This is nicknamed the "sleep hormone" because it causes feelings of tiredness.
What is Melatonin?
This category of drugs increases neural and behavioral activity.
What are stimulants?
This branch of the nervous system is responsible for "fight-or-flight" responses, while this other branch is known for "rest-and-digest" activities.
What are the sympathetic ("fight-or-flight") and parasympathetic ("rest-and-digest") branches?
This term describes the two main categories of symptoms seen in schizophrenia, which include additions or losses in behavior.
What are positive and negative symptoms?
A genuine smile is known by this term.
What is a Duchenne smile?
This small brain structure produces melatonin.
What is the pineal gland?
This neurotransmitter is most closely associated with the reward system in the brain.
What is dopamine?
The HPA axis is most closely associated with this emotional response.
What is stress?
The effectiveness of traditional antipsychotic medications is linked to how strongly they attach to these specific dopamine receptors.
What are D2 receptors?
The facial feedback hypothesis gained support from studies involving this cosmetic medical treatment.
What is Botox?
This "master clock" in the brain regulates circadian rhythms.
What is the suprachiasmatic nucleus (SCN)?
Cirrhosis and Korsakoff’s syndrome are two health consequences of chronic consumption of this substance.
What is alcohol?
This neurotransmitter helps to reduce anxiety by inhibiting neural activity.
What is GABA?
Structural brain imaging studies of individuals with schizophrenia typically reveal this change in brain size.
What is reduced brain volume?
This pathway allows the amygdala to initiate a quick emotional response before conscious processing can occur.
What is the "low road" pathway?
This region promotes sleep by shutting down wakefulness centers in the brain.
What is the ventrolateral preoptic nucleus (VLPO)?
The mesocorticolimbic pathway connects the ventral tegmental area to these two regions.
What are the nucleus accumbens and the frontal cortex?
This brain region is responsible for the subjective experience of emotions, including disgust and pride.
What is the insula?
Reductions in this brain matter type have been observed in the frontal cortex of individuals with major depressive disorder.
What is gray matter?
This type of sleep allows for sleepwalking to occur.
What is NREM sleep?
Many dopaminergic neurons with cell bodies in this area project to the nucleus accumbens and is associated with reward.
What is the ventral tegmental area?
This brain region, identified through stimulation studies in cats, is linked to anger.
What is the ventromedial hypothalamus?
How do dolphins sleep?
What is unihemispheric slow-wave sleep? (One half of their brain sleeps while the other remains awake to help them breathe and stay alert.)