Anatomy & Structures
This cell type is specialized to transmit information through the nervous system
Neuron
Major collection of forebrain structures mainly involved in emotion (two-word name)
Limbic System
Major excitatory neuroregulator often involved in learning
Glutamate
Small gap between neurons that neurotransmitters must cross
Synapse
Imaging technique that creates sharp pictures using powerful magnets.
MRI
The long threadlike extension of a neuron along which an action potential travels.
Axon
Area important in storage of memories
Hippocampus
Major inhibitory neuroregulator
GABA
Postsynaptic structures on a neuron that receive chemical messages.
Dendrites
Measurement that tracks brain waves.
EEG
Thin layer of cells covering the forebrain; site of most higher mental activity.
Cerebral Cortex
Brain structure that regulates many functions by stimulating the pituitary gland
Hypothalamus
Neurotransmitter most critical for memory and also used for muscle contraction
Acetylcholine
Coating that develops on some axons and speeds neural transmission
Myelin
The system of sensory and motor neurons found outside the brain and spinal cord
Peripheral Nervous System (PNS)
Structure at the back of the brain involved in balance, fine motor skills, and sequencing
Cerebellum
The left-hemisphere region most involved in producing speech for most people
Broca's Area
Neurotransmitter involved in mood regulation and targeted by many antidepressants.
Serotonin
The electrical potential level at which an action potential will fire.
Threshold
Division of the peripheral nervous system that contains sympathetic and parasympathetic branches.
Autonomic Nervous System
The division including the brain and spinal cord.
Central Nervous System (CNS)
Representation on the brain showing relative sensitivity of body regions of sense receptors
Sensory Homunculus
Endogenous opiate-like substance that reduces pain
Endorphins
An interneuron loop producing a rapid, automatic response before brain processing.
Reflex
Hormone producing system used by the nervous system to communicate messages through the body.
Endocrine System