Chapter 3
What do cohesion, surface tension, and adhesion have in common with reference to water?
a. All are aspects of a crystalline structure
b. All result from the hydrogen atom structure
c. All are properties related to hydrogen bonding
d. All are produced by covalent bonding
e. All have to do with ionic interactions
c. All are properties related to hydrogen bonding
Ethanol is an example of which functional group?
The surface tension of water allows insects to walk on it. Which property of water is responsible for this?
Cohesion
What are the three different types of isomers?
Structural, Enantiomers, and Cis-Trans
What is the difference between hydrophobic and hydrophilic?
hydrophobic: water fearing
hydrophilic: water loving
The [OH-] of a solution is a 1 x 10-10 M. What is the pH?
4
Which functional group has a very negative charge and is one of three main parts of DNA nucleotides?
Phosphate
For a solution with pOH = 10, what is the [H+]?
1 x 10-4 M
This molecule is all of the following EXCEPT?
a. alcohol
b. thiol
c. acid
b. amine
*Draw molecule on board*
Thiol
What functional groups are present in this molecule?
methyl, carbonyl (KETONE), amino, and carboxyl
If we dissolve NaCl in water, NaCl is a(n) ________ and water is a ___________.
solute ; solvent
Which of the following statements about carbon is TRUE?
a. It is found in all inorganic molecules
b. It is limited in its structural skeletons
c. It can form bonds with only N, C, O, and H
d. It can form 4 single bonds with other atoms
d. It can form 4 single bonds with other atoms
If you want to make a 3M solution of NaCl, how many grams of NaCl would you add into a total volume of 2L?
348 grams of NaCl
What type of organic molecule is this?
a. alcohol
b. aldehyde
c. carboxylic acid
d. ketone
e. methyl
*Draw molecule on board!!!!!*
KETONE
What are the four most abundant chemical elements of life?
carbon, nitrogen, oxygen, and hydrogen
The mitochondrial matrix of a cell with pH of 6 has _______ times the H+ ions _________ (more/less) as the cells cytoplasm with pH of 8.
*these pH levels are not biologically accurate, just random numbers for the question*
100 ; more
Do hydrocarbons dissolve in water?
No, they contain only hydrogens and carbons; non-polar bonds, thus hydrophobic
What is a buffer?
solutes that resist pH change
they maintain a relatively constant oH when either acids or bases are added to them
Which functional group helps stabilize proteins by forming covalent disulfide cross-links?
Sulfhydryl
Why is carbon so important?
Versatile bond former - forms 4 single, 2 double, 1 triple
forms diverse molecules
essential for life
A base is a solute that _______ (increases/decreases) H+ concentration and ________ (increases/decreases) pH.
decreases ; increases
A chemist wishes to make an organic molecule more acidic. Which functional group should be added to the molecule in order to do so?
Carboxyl
What is specific heat?
the amount of heat (in calories) that must be absorbed or lost for 1 gram of a substance to change its temperature by 1oc
Which functional group is found in DNA and only consists of carbon and hydrogen?
methyl
What are the bonds within water molecules and between water molecules?
within water - polar covalent bonds
between water - hydrogen bonds