Trophic Cascades
Vocabulary
Rule of 10
Food Chains/Food Webs/pyramids
Symbiosis
100
A series of events in an ecosystem that occur when a predator at the top of the food chain has an impact on the populations of organisms lower down in the food chain.
What is a trophic cascade?
100
The region of earth where living things exist.
What is biosphere?
100
If 100% of the energy is available at the first trophic level, what percentages of the energy is available at the second trophic level?
What is 10%?
100
The process by which toxins are passed from one trophic level to the next (and thereby increase in concentration) within a food web.
What is biomagnification?
100
The three types of
symbiosis.
What is parasitism, commensalism and mutualism?
200
The effect of sea otters on sea urchins in a kelp forest.
Direct or indirect
What is direct?
200
A dominant species that dictates the community structure.
What is keystone species?
200
The organism that stores the least amount of energy in a ecosystem is the _______. 
What is tertiary consumers? 
200
An organism that needs to create its own nutrients.
What is autotroph or producer?
200
A symbiotic relationship in which both species benefit.
What is mutualism?
300
The effect of sea otters on sea urchins in a kelp forest.
Positive or negative
What is the negative?
300
A species that is introduced to an ecosystem that competes with local animals for resources.
What is invasive species?
300
In ecosystem, when energy is transformed, _____% is lost as ___.
What is 90 and heat?
300
An oversimplified model to describe energy and nutrient transfers in ecological communities.
What is food chain?
300
A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and one species is unaffected.
What is commensalism?
400
The effect of sea otters on sea kelp in a kelp forest.
Direct or indirect
What is indirect?
400
The number of different species that are represented in a given community, ecosystem or biome.
What is biodiversity?
400
Grass receives 30,000 Joules of energy from the sun. What amount of energy in Joules is stored by herbivores?
What is 3,000 Joules?
400
The organisms that have the largest spot at the base of the pyramid.
What is producers?
400
A symbiotic relationship in which one species benefits and one species is harmed.
What is parasitism?
500
The effect of sea otters on kelp in a kelp forest.
Positive or negative
What is positive?
500
A biogeographical unit consisting of a biological community that has formed in response to abiotic factors and a shared regional climate.
What is a biome?
500
If producers have 100,000 Kcal available, how many Kcal are available to the first order consumers?
What is 10,000 Kcal?
500
A diagram that shows all the trophic interactions—or overlapping food chains—between various species in an ecosystem.
What is food web?
500
Remora use suckers to attach temporarily to large marine vertebrates such as sharks. The shark provides free transportation, protection, and dropped food & feces on which the remora feeds. The relationship between a shark and remora is ____.
What is commensalism?