SEQUENCING & RNA
This sequencing technique is used to identify single-base mutations.
Sanger sequencing
This CRISPR component guides Cas enzymes to target DNA.
crRNA
This technique confirms protein expression levels.
Western Blot
Bioinformatics uses computers to analyze this type of data.
Genetic/biological data
A scientist needs to amplify a small amount of DNA. Which technique should they use?
PCR
This molecule stops DNA strand elongation during Sanger sequencing.
ddNTP
CRISPR originally evolved as this type of system in bacteria.
Immune defense system
SDS-PAGE separates proteins based on this property.
size/molecular weight
In a DNA workflow, PCR is commonly performed after this step.
DNA extraction/purification
A lab needs to measure bacterial growth in liquid culture. Which measurement is most appropriate?
OD600
This reagent is commonly used to isolate RNA from tissues.
TRIzol
This CRISPR-associated enzyme cuts DNA at specific sequences.
Cas12a
SDS gives proteins this type of charge during electrophoresis.
negative charge
BLAST tool is typically used to do this
Compare/analyze DNA or protein sequences to find similarities
A scientist wants to confirm a single-base mutation. Which technique should they choose?
Sanger sequencing
RT-PCR is primarily used to study this molecule.
Scientists use CRISPR to do this to genes.
edit/cut out genes
Why are smaller proteins expected to move farther in SDS-PAGE?
They travel more easily through the gel matrix
Name the biotechnology technique commonly used AFTER PCR.
Gel electrophoresis
A scientist designs a CRISPR experiment and the target DNA sequence is successfully found, but the DNA is never cut. Which CRISPR component most likely failed?
Cas12 enzyme
Why must RNA be converted to cDNA in RT-PCR?
Use in your answer: DNA, RNA, reverse transcription, CDNA, gene expression
PCR only amplifies DNA, RNA needs to be reverse transcripted into cDNA in order to amplify specific gene expression
Why is CRISPR considered more precise than older genetic engineering methods?
It targets specific DNA sequences
A scientist wants to measure gene expression levels by analyzing RNA. What technique should they use?
RT PCR
Why are SOPs important in biotechnology workflows?
Ensures consistency, safety, and reproducibility
What is the full process of the DNA workflow?
DNA extraction/purification → PCR → Gel electrophoresis → Sequencing → Analysis (Bioinformatics)