Rando Biotech Info
what is biotechnology?
Biotechnology is the use of living organisms or biological systems to develop products and solve problems.
This structure in bacteria acts as a barrier that plasmid DNA must cross during transformation.
What is the cell membrane?
This process is used to make millions of copies of a specific DNA sequence.
What is PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction)?
This technique identifies organisms using a short, unique DNA sequence.
DNA barcoding?
If a stop codon is inserted into the LacZ gene using CRISPR, what happens to the gene?
It becomes nonfunctional.
On your whiteboard, draw micropipettes to label the following measurements:
- 160 microliters
- 6.7 microliters
- 15 microliters
- 800 microliters
-203 microliters
Make sure to label each micropipette as a P20, P200, or p1000
Imma going to check this one
This piece of equipment is used to observe glowing GFP bacteria.
What is a UV light?
In gel electrophoresis, smaller DNA fragments move through the gel at this speed compared to larger fragments.
What is faster/farther?
This sequencing technique uses fluorescently labeled dideoxynucleotides to stop DNA replication at different lengths.
What is Sanger sequencing?
This protein acts like molecular scissors in the CRISPR system by cutting DNA.
What is the difference bewteen gene therapy and using stem cells?
Gene therapy treats disease by fixing or replacing faulty genes. Stem cell therapy treats disease by replacing damaged cells or tissues. Gene therapy changes DNA, while stem cells rebuild the body.
These small circular pieces of DNA are commonly used to transfer genes into bacteria during transformation labs.
What are plasmids
Taq polymerase comes from a bacteria called Thermus aquaticus that can survive in very high temperatures. Why is this an important component of PCR?
Taq polymerase is important in PCR because it can survive the very high temperatures used during the denaturation step. Most enzymes would break down when the PCR machine heats the DNA to separate the strands, but Taq polymerase remains stable and continues building new DNA strands during each cycle. This allows PCR to repeatedly copy DNA efficiently.
Why are dideoxynucleotides important in Sanger sequencing?
They terminate DNA strand extension, creating fragments of different lengths.
This type of repair uses a donor DNA template to insert or replace a DNA sequence after Cas9 cuts the DNA.
What is homology-directed repair (HDR)?
What is the difference between mutagenesis, interspecies cross, and selective speceis
Mutagenesis is the process of changing an organism’s DNA by creating mutations, either naturally or through exposure to chemicals or radiation. Interspecies cross is when two different species are bred together to produce a hybrid organism with genetic material from both parents. Selective breeding is when humans choose organisms with desirable traits to reproduce over generations without directly changing the DNA.
This sugar must be present in the agar plate to turn on the GFP gene in transformed bacteria.
What is arabinose?
What is the purpose of including a DNA ladder in gel electrophoresis?
To compare fragment sizes and estimate the length of DNA samples.
This sequencing method can read millions of DNA fragments at the same time.
What is Next Generation Sequencing (NGS)?
CRISPR was originally discovered as part of this natural system in bacteria. What was it used for?
What is an immune defense system against viruses?
Give 1 specific example for how biotechnology is used in the following topics:
- Feed a growing population
- Monitor and preserve biodiversity
- To diagnosis, treat, and cure human disease
I will check these
For transformation to work, the plasmid must be taken up by the bacteria so the gene can be read as __________, then go through __________ and __________ so the protein can be made.
mRNA, transcription, translation
A DNA sample produces three bands on a gel. What does this indicate about the sample?
The sample contains at least three different DNA fragment sizes.
Digital PCR is especially useful for detecting very small amounts of this in medical testing.
What are mutations/pathogens/cancer DNA?
CRISPR edits genes by changing this type of molecule inside the nucleus.
What is DNA?