The Biotech Century and Workforce
The use of living organisms, or the products of living organisms for human benefit (or human surroundings).
What is biotechnology?
These are the three components of a nucleotide.
What is a Pentose sugar (or 5-C sugar), phosphate group, and nitrogenous base.
The technique of introducing plasmid DNA into a bacterium for cloning.
What is bacterial transformation?
A nucleotide is to a nucleic aid as amino acid is to this?
What is a protein?
This type of RNA contains the genetic code used to code for a functional protein.
What is mRNA? (or messenger RNA)
Fermentation, selective breeding, and use of antibiotics are considered examples of these.
What are historical examples of biotechnology?
The complimentary base that replaces thymine in a strand of RNA.
What is uracil?
The technique used to amplify cDNA.
What is PCR (or polymerase chain reaction)?
This recombinant protein is widely used to digest milk proteins for making cheese.
What is chymosin?
The number of genes in the human genome.
What is 20,000?
This area of biotechnology uses living organisms to process, degrade, and clean up environmental pollution.
What is bioremediation?
The synthesis of RNA from a DNA template strand.
What is transcription?
A technique used to separate DNA fragments by size.
What is gel electrophoresis?
Bioprocessing of a protein often involves growing cells in carefully controlled environments using these types of containers.
What is a bioreactor?
The name for AUG.
What is the start codon (or methionine)?
This modern approach to treatment uses normal genes or the replacement of diseased genes for treating human genetic disorders.
What is gene therapy?
The name of the enzyme that separates strands of DNA during DNA replication to make DNA single- stranded so it can be copied.
This technique allows for the genome to be targeted at a specific location and allows for the removal or insertion of genes.
What is CRISPR-Cas (or Cas-9 system)?
Alpha helices and B-pleated sheets represent this structure of a protein.
What is secondary structure?
The most common mutation in a genome where a single nucleotide is changed.
What is a point mutation?
An example of modern biotechnology where a gene of interest is cloned and inserted into a living organism to produce a desired protein.
What is recombinant DNA technology?
The non-protein coding segments of pre-mRNA that are removed during RNA splicing.
What are introns?
This DNA binding dye fluoresces when DNA in an agarose gel is illuminated using ultraviolet light.
What is ethidium bromide?
The association of multiple polypeptide subunits to form a functional protein refers to which structure of a protein.
What is quaternary structure?
What is alternative splicing?