General
GMO stands for . . .
What is genetically modified organism?
Comparing DNA from a crime scene, for example, to a suspect's DNA
What is DNA fingerprinting?
The overall charge of a DNA molecule
What is negative?
PCR is the abbreviated form of this term
What is polymerase chain reaction?
Proteins, naturally found in bacteria, that are able to cut DNA strands at specific sequences
What are restriction enzymes?
The name for an organisms whose genome includes DNA from another species
What is a transgenic organism?
When individual animals are plants are chosen, based on characteristics humans find desirable, to participate in a mating
What is selective breeding?
The charge of the terminal toward which DNA migrates during gel electrophoresis
What is positive?
The purpose of PCR
What is to amplify or copy a segment of DNA?
The exposed nitrogenous bases at the end of a DNA strand cut by a restriction enzyme
What are sticky ends?
A small, circular piece of DNA that bacteria swap with each other and that create a mechanism through which genetic engineers can introduce new genes to bacteria
What are plasmids?
Usually in the leftmost lane of a gel, a DNA sample of known fragment sizes
What is a DNA ladder or DNA marker?
The relative size of the fastest/farthest moving DNA strands during gel electrophoresis
What is smallest?
the environmental characteristic that fluctuates during PCR
What is temperature?
CRISPR stands for . . .
What is "Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats"?
The name for the fluid in the gel electrophoresis machine
What is buffer?
Replacing a defective gene with a healthy version
What is gene therapy?
The substance through which DNA segments move during gel electrophoresis
What is agarose gel?
The three stages that are repeated during PCR
What are denaturation, annealing, and extension?
The process utilized by retroviruses to make a DNA copy of their RNA genome
What is reverse transcription?
A mechanism, often a virus, for getting one organism's DNA into another organism's cell/cells
What is a vector?
What is the Human Genome Project?
The meaning of the abbreviation "bp" in gel electrophoresis
What is base pairs?
The heat-stable enzyme used in PCR
What is Taq polymerase?
currently in the realm of sci-fi, offspring whose genetic makeup has been altered through gene editing to achieve desired traits
What are designer babies?