Human Genome
international effort of scientists that sequenced all genes in human DNA
Human Genome Project
Crossing individuals with similar characteristics so that those characteristics will appear in their offspring is called.
Inbreeding
"cuts" DNA molecules into fragments
restriction enzymes
What does GMO stand for?
Genetically modified organism
DNA has what type of charge
negative charge
Crossing dissimilar organisms to bring together their best characteristics.
hybridization
"glues" or joins foreign DNA fragment into plasmid
DNA ligase
Gamma rays, chemicals, and drugs are known to:
induce mutations
If only a small sample of DNA was obtained from a crime scene, what tool would be used to makes millions of copies/hour of the sample for testing?
Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR)
What produces desired traits in an organism
selective breeding
Bacteria often contain small circular molecules of DNA known as
plasmids
A ___ is a member of a population of genetically identical cells produced from a single cell
clone
Uses electricity to separate and analyze DNA based on size
Gel electrophoresis
Which of the following is most likely to bring together two recessive alleles for a genetic defect?
inbreeding
Organisms that contain genes from other organisms are called
transgenic organism
A clone is a the result of the fusion of a somatic cell and ______________ cell
egg
What are the cons of GMOs
No long-term studies, increase in allergies, health consequences, no labeling of GMOs in the US
What is the term for having an extra set of chromosomes (3N, 4N)
polyploidy
The process of inserting foreign DNA into an organism to give it its desired traits.
recombinant DNA
What are the pros of GMOs?
Cure disease (Cystic Fibrosis)
Treat genetic disorders (Hemophilia, diabetes)
Improve food crops (better tasting, longer shelf life, fungus resistance…)
Improve human life in general