DNA Replication/What is Biotech
Biotechnology
What is Life = Tool?
Viruses that only target bacteria.
What are bacteriophages?
What are restriction enzymes?
Laboratory technique which can amplify small pieces of DNA to billions of other copies.
What is PCR (polymerase chain reaction)?
The four nucleotides of DNA
What is adenine, cytosine, thymine, and guanine?
Components of a virus.
What are the capsid, genetic material inside the capsid, and viral envelope (optional)?
Cells that can differentiate into unique types of somatic cells.
What are stem cells?
Three steps of PCR (must be in order from first to last).
Denaturation, annealing, extension/elongation.
The enzyme helicase unzips a DNA molecule, forming a replication fork and two strands.
What are the leading and lagging strands?
Antibiotic resistance mechanisms (name at least 1).
What is:
1. Restricting access of the antibiotic
2. Changing or destroying the antibiotic
3. Giving the antibiotics a new target
One real-life use of CRISPR-Cas9 technology.
Answers may vary. Ex. curing genetic diseases
Thermostable DNA polymerase which originated from bacteria used in the third step of PCR to create new DNA strands.
Since DNA replication involves the resulting DNA molecules consisting of one old template strand and one new strand, it is ____________.
What is semiconservative?
Three kinds of mobile genetic elements (and explain what each are).
What are plasmids, transposons, and phages?
Enzyme important for the CRISPR technology that uses base pairing to recognize and cleave target DNAs.
What is Cas9?
Group on DNA that contributes to negative charge, making DNA move to positive electrode in gel electrophoresis.
What is a phosphate group (PO4 3-)?
The enzyme _________ glues together Okazaki fragments together, joining the two strands of DNA together.
What is DNA ligase?
One real-life use of mobile genetic elements.
Answers may vary. Ex. plasmids can be used to insert the gene for human insulin production into bacteria to program them to make it.
What are multipotent, pluripotent, and totipotent stem cells?
Device used in Sanger sequencing that analyzes separated DNA fragments from capillary gel electrophoresis using a laser.
What is a chromatogram?