The science of using living organisms, or the product of living organisms, for human benefit.
What is biotechnology?
100
Technique that allows DNA to be combined from different sources; also called gene or DNA splicing.
What is recombinant DNA technology?
100
A genetic mutation caused by insertions or deletions (indels) of a number of nucleotides in a DNA sequence that is not divisible by three.
What is frameshift mutation?
100
The four bases in DNA, and their pairing arrangements.
What are adenine, thymine, guanine, and cytosine.
100
What was the name of the enzyme used in the biofuel lab, and what does it do?
What is cellobiase? Breaks down cellulose into two glucose molecules, an important step in creating ethanol for fuel.
200
A metabolic process that produces small amounts of ATP from glucose in the absence of oxygen and also creates byproducts such as ethanol or lactic acid.
What is fermentation?
200
Laboratory technique for separating RNA molecules by gel electrophoresis and transferring RNA onto a filter paper blot for use in hybridization studies.
What is Northern blot analysis?
200
Base-pair substitution that has no effect on the amino acid sequence of a protein.
What is silent mutation?
200
The three components of a nucleotide, the building block of DNA.
What are pentose sugar (deoxyribose), phosphate molecule, and nitrogenous base?
200
The thermostable polymerase used in PCR.
What is taq polymerase? Used in PCR because it remains stable at near-boiling temperatures, purified from a bacterium known as Thermus aquaticus that inhabits hot springs.
300
Protein produced by the bioluminescent jellyfish Aequorea victoria; fluoresces when exposed to ultraviolet light.
What is green fluorescent protein (GFP)?
300
Laboratory technique that involves transferring DNA fragments onto a filter-paper blot for use in probe hybridization studies.
What is Southern blot analysis?
300
A mutation changing a codon to another codon that codes for a different amino acid.
What is missense mutation?
300
These bonds hold together the DNA backbone.
What is phosphodiester bond?
300
People heterozygous for sickle cell disease are generally healthy because?
Even though the body produces sickle-shaped blood cells, there are always normal blood cells in the blood stream as well.
400
A laboratory procedure for analyzing the number and structure of chromosomes in a cell.
What is a karyotype?
400
Laboratory technique for amplifying and cloning DNA; involves multiple cycles of denaturation, primer hybridization, and DNA polymerase synthesis of new strands.
What is polymerase chain reaction (PCR)?
400
Physical or chemical agents that cause mutations.
What are mutagens?
400
A sequence of nucleotides that provides cells with the instructions to synthesize a specific protein or particular type of RNA.
What is a gene?
400
This technique is used to identify persons of interest from crime scenes based on their genetic information.
What is DNA fingerprinting?
500
Region of DNA, such as that located in an operon, that binds to a specific repressor protein to control expression of a gene or group of genes such as an operon.
What is an operator?
500
Laboratory technique that involves using an electrical charge to move and separate biomolecules of different sizes, such as DNA, RNA, and proteins, through a semisolid separating matrix.
What is gel electrophoresis?
500
A single base change in DNA structure. Must give BOTH names.
What is point mutation or single-nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs)?
500
DNA has a 5' and 3' end, which refers to the carbons of the deoxyribose sugar. At the 5' end, the phosphate at carbon 5 is not bonded to another nucleotide, but carbon 3 is involved in a phosphodiester bond. At the 3' end, the phosphate at carbon 5 is bonded to another nucleotide, but carbon 3 is not. This concept is referred to as .....?
What is polarity?
500
What is the most common genetic modification in corn?
Insertion of the gene from soil bacterium Bacillus thuringiensis which kills corn borers, a common pest on corn plants.