Medical Applications
True or False:
Vaccines can cure diseases.
False
Inserting the gene for Bt toxin confers this property to plants.
What are "DNA scissors" that cut DNA at specific palindromic sequences?
Restriction enzymes
What does PCR stand for?
Polymerase Chain Reaction
This technique separates DNA and proteins by size.
Gel electrophoresis
This type of treatment introduces healthy genes, corrects a defective gene or inactivates a disease-causing gene.
Gene therapy
What vitamin precursor is in "Golden Rice"?
Beta-carotene
What kind of cut creates complementary sequences that produce a stronger bond between fragments cut with the same enzyme?
Sticky end cuts
This heat-stable enzyme is used in PCR.
Taq polymearse
This helpful product can be loaded into gels to compare sizes of DNA fragments.
DNA ladder
The insulin gene is isolated from a human cell and placed into bacteria creating what?
A transgenic organism
"Golden Rice" was genetically engineered to prevent what problem?
Blindness due to vitamin A deficiency.
This circular piece of DNA in bacteria used as a cloning vector.
Plasmid
This ingredient is necessary in PCR to start elongation of the DNA sample.
Primers
This technique of DNA fingerprinting was developed first, but can result in millions of DNA fragments and unclear gel interpretations.
RFLP analysis
What is an advantage of genetically engineered (recombinant) vaccines?
Safer with fewer side effects; often only using a portion of the virus to create the vaccine.
This is an ecological concern regarding herbicide resistant plants.
Creation of "Super weeds"
This enzyme seals the sugar-phosphate backbone to join DNA fragments together.
DNA Ligase
What is the primary purpose of PCR?
To create more DNA copies.
This type of DNA fingerprinting technique analyzes non-coding DNA sequences that are 2-6 base pairs in length.
What is STR.
Name 3 agencies in the United states that regulate the safety of genetically engineered products. (Acronyms are OK)
FDA, EPA, USDA
This is a safety concern with genetically modified foods.
Allergic reactions
What is a collection of DNA fragments representing an entire genome stored in vectors?
Genomic Library
What are the 3 steps of PCR in order?
Denaturing, Annealing, Extension (elongation)
This term refers to non-coding DNA sequences that occur back-to-back.
Tandem repeats