Basic Concepts
A testable prediction to a scientific question is a __?
hypothesis
A molecule on which an enzyme acts is called a __?
substrate
Two nitrogenous bases connected with hydrogen bonds form a __?
Base Pair
What is the overall objective of performing PCR?
Making many copies of DNA
Recombinant DNA is DNA composed of __?
DNA from different sources
Large molecules composed of repeating units of smaller molecules are __?
polymers
The primary structure of a protein is defined as __?
order of amino acids in polypeptide chain
How do DNA molecules vary from one species to another?
Sequence of Nucleotides
During PCR, at which step is the tube cooled to 60°C so primers bind to the DNA template?
Annealing step
What is the purpose of conducting double-blind tests during clinical trials?
No influence of results
What structures produce cellular energy in plants?
mitochondria chloroplast
The process of making an RNA strand from a DNA template strand is called __?
transcription
If a human muscle cell and a digestive tract cell are compared, what would they both contain?
same genes
What is the liquid above a pellet after centrifugation called?
Supernatant
Why is patent protection important in biotechnology and pharmaceutical companies?
Secure patent probability from R and D
Hydrophobic lipids are mostly composed of which atoms?
carbon and hydrogen
Which enzyme adds DNA nucleotides to the end of an RNA primer to build a complementary strand?
DNA Polymerase
Which genotype is heterozygous?
Aa
What is a highly specific test to determine protein concentration based on antigen-antibody interaction?
ELISA
Protein therapeutics are often produced in bioreactors by E.coli or CHO cells because __?
not enough animal material for large quantities
All living things do all of the following except __?
develop tissues and organs
When a dideoxynucleotide is added during DNA sequencing, what happens?
Synthesis stops at that point
Plants transformed with foreign DNA are called __?
TRansgenic plants
Why do DNA molecules move through the gel during electrophoresis?
because phosphate groups in DNA are negatively charged?
What is a form of selection used to enrich for transformed cells?
What is adding an antibiotic resistance gene to the vector?