Birmingham
MLK
Background/Context
The Bull
Abbreviations
100
What year did the Birmingham Campaign take place?
1963
100
What was one of MLKs core values?
Non-Violence / Peaceful Resistance
100
Which president was in office during the Birmingham campaign?
Who is President John F. Kennedy?
100
What was Connor's job title?
Public Safety Commissioner
100
What does KKK stand for?
Ku Klux Klan
200
What state is Birmingham located in?
Alabama
200
What did MLK believe in?
Racial equality and full desegregation
200
What federal law, passed in 1964, was heavily influenced by the success of the Birmingham Campaign?
The Civil Rights Acts (1964)
200
What is a Dixiecrat?
Someone who objected to desegregation and over interference by the Federal Court.
200
What does SCLC stand for?
Southern Christian Leadership Conference
300
What was significant about the timing of the campaign?
It was the 100 year anniversary of the Emancipation Proclamation.
300
Why did MLK select Birmingham?
Birmingham was one of the most racist cities with a history of violence towards protestors.
300
Who inspired MLK's nonviolent philosophy?
Who is Mahatma Gandhi?
300
What was Connor's main motivation during the campaign?
To keep Birmingham segregated.
300
What does MIA stand for?
The Montgomery Improvement Association
400
In 1961, what was the name given to the activists?
Freedom Riders
400
What did King learn from the Albany campaign?
Careful planning to ensure maximum publicity and attract maximum black support.
400
Why was Birmingham chosen as the target for the campaign?
It was one of the most racist and heavily segregated cities in the US.
400
What were THREE actions taken by Connor?
Passing rules, arresting protestors, ordering the fire department to use water hoses, police to use dogs and batons on the protestors.
400
What does NAACP stand for?
National Association for the Advancement of Colored People
500
Where is Birmingham?
500
In what ways did the strategy and actions of the Birmingham Campaign directly lead to national civil rights legislation, such as the Civil Rights Act of 1964?
The campaign’s success in exposing the violence and injustice of segregation led President John F. Kennedy to publicly support civil rights legislation. The pressure created by Birmingham’s protests helped pave the way for the Civil Rights Act of 1964, which outlawed segregation in public places and discrimination based on race.
500
What were FOUR actions MLK took during the campaign?
Boycotts, sit-ins, protest marches, speeches, filling the jails, provocation, the children's crusade.
500
What effect did Connor's action have?
His methods ultimately discredited him and garnered sympathy for the protestors, accelerating integration and pushing President John F. Kennedy towards the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
500
What does SNCC stand for?
Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee