Nucleic Acids
double ringed nitrogenous bases
What are purines?
The point at which DNA is opened
What is the origin of replication?
Where DNA is kept in prokaryotes
What is a nucleoid?
3-nucleotide sequence that codes for a specific amino acid
What is a codon?
Double helix with uniform diameter, antiparallel, right handed chirality, and _____.
What are major and minor grooves?
What are dNTPs (nucleoside triphosphates)?
Inactive form of the inhibitor of mitosis
What is RB-P?
Sequences in DNA that tell RNA when to start and stop transcribing a certain gene
What are initiation and termination sites?
Amino acid associated with start codon
What is methionine?
Useful in determining whether a molecule is DNA or RNA
What is the importance of the 2nd carbon in nucleotide sugars?
Each half of a replicated and condensed DNA molecule
What is a sister chromatid?
Contractile ring during cytokinesis of an animal cell
What is a cleavage furrow?
Regions of RNA that are not necessary for production of polypeptide and are removed
Type of bond between anticodons on tRNA molecules and codons on mRNA
What are hydrogen bonds?
Type of bond that forms the phosphate sugar backbone of DNA and RNA
What are phosphodiester bonds?
Type of RNA polymerase that helps DNA polymerase overcome its challenge of needing a free 3' OH group
What is primase?
Tumor suppressor protein that is phosphorylated in the presence of UV (DNA damage)
What is P53?
What ribosomes are made of
Multiple ribosomes transcribing the same mRNA molecule
What are polysomes?
Relates uniform diameter to complementary base pairing; A's and T's and C's and G's occur at roughly the same frequency in the genome of any organism.
What is Chargaff's rule?
Acts through ATP hydrolysis to split hydrogen bonds between two DNA strands
What is helicase?
Are positively charged so that they attract negatively charged DNA and allow DNA to be packed closely together
What are histones?
Regions of DNA near a particular gene that are responsible for calling in RNA polymerase to transcribe said gene
What are promoters?
Enzymes that come in and enter the A site when the ribosome reaches a stop codon and bind to it
What are release factors?