Cells and Life
What all living things are made of
What are cells?
Often called the powerhouse of the cell, this organelle makes most of the cell's ATP
What is the mitochondria (or mitochondrion)
Holds the DNA
What is the nucleus?
The movement of molecules through a membrane because of a concentration gradient
What is diffusion?
The green pigment that absorbs energy from sunlight for photosynthesis
What is chlorophyll?
The number of cells that all prokaryotes have
What is one?
Surrounds all cells and regulates what comes in and goes out, both prokaryotic and eukaryotic cells have this
What is the cell membrane?
What is a cell wall?
Type of transport that requires energy to work
What is active transport?
Photosynthesis uses energy from the sun to turn carbon dioxide and water into this
What is glucose?
A cell with a nucleus
What is a eukaryote?
These small structures, which are found in both prokaryotes and eukaryotes, assemble proteins for the cell
What are ribosomes?
Refers to the inside of the cell, including the organelles and their jellylike surrounding
What is the cytoplasm?
The movement of water across a semipermeable membrane
What is osmosis?
The process of breaking down molecules to produce ATP
What is cellular respiration?
According to Cell Theory, all cells come from this
What are preexisting cells?
The slimy layer that surrounds and protects some bacteria from harm
What is a capsule?
Contains important information for making proteins and regulates cellular processes
What is DNA?
Osmosis and diffusion are both forms of this, meaning they happen without the cell doing any work
What is passive transport?
The process of cells producing ATP without access to oxygen (anaerobic)
What is fermentation?
A group of tissues that work together
What is an organ?
Has protein-producing ribosomes attached to its surface
What is rough ER?
DNA is organized into one or more of these
What are chromosomes?
When a certain type of molecule is more densely packed on one side of the membrane than on the other
What is a concentration gradient?
In order for energy to be usable within a cell, the energy must be taken from glucose and stored in this?
What is ATP?
Because cell theory is this, it is possible that it can be changed or replaced
What is a model?
A whip-like propeller
What is a flagellum?
Makes fat molecules for the cell membrane
What is smooth ER?
Describes the cell membrane and means that some substances can pass through and some cannot.
What is selectively permeable?
Waste products produced when yeast breaks down sugar in bread dough to produce ATP, causing the bread to rise
What are alcohol and carbon dioxide?