Rise of Feudalism
Feudalism in Europe solved the needs for these two things
What are support and protection?
Feudalism weakened as more people in Europe moved to these
What are cities or towns?
By the fourteenth century, the English Parliament was divided into this many groups
What is two?
Laid the foundations for a strong monarchy in England
Who was William the Conqueror?
These two groups experienced many deaths as a result of the Crusades
What are warriors and civilians?
These trained people for many professional occupations in Europe
What are universities?
This has been blamed for the spread of the bacteria that caused the Black Death
What are rats and their fleas?
The Hundred Years' War permanently separated these two kingdoms
What are England and France?
In Charlemagne's empire, these were places for education and the preservation of written works
What are monasteries?
This English document of 1215 is considered to have laid the foundation for the individual rights of citizens
What is the Magna Carta?
Uniform laws for all of England
What is common law?
Who was Clovis?
This new economic class grew as a result of the Crusades and their contribution to the growth of towns
What is the middle class?
This type of architecture is characterized by flying buttresses, high ceilings, and warmth and brightness
What is Gothic architecture?
This group of people was accused of causing the Black Death
The peasant girl who led the French to defeat the English in the Hundred Years' War
Who is Joan of Arc?
What is a manor?
The ability of the English Parliament to control the issuing of taxes
What is the "power of the purse?"
A group of local citizens who accused criminals
What is a jury?
Who was Henry II?
Ships that took crusading forces to the Middle East brought back this
What are goods for trading?
Rules and expectations for knights
What is chivalry?
The plague spread more easily here than it did in the countryside
What are cities?
The new weapon that gave the English an advantage in the Hundred Years' War
What is the longbow?
Charlemagne divided his empire into these to help increase central authority and maintain peace
What are districts?
A legal document listing the privileges of the townspeople
What is a charter?
An accusation issued by a jury
What is an indictment?
Started the use of bailiffs
Who was Phillip II?
As a result of the Crusades, manufacturing methods used by this group were copied and taken back to be developed in Europe
Who were the Muslims?
The commonly spoken language
What is the vernacular?
They lost credibility due to their response to the Black Death
What was the Roman Catholic Church?
Although they won most of the battles, the drain on their forces and resources was great and eventually led to them losing the war
What is England?
The Catholic Church provided protection and order for the common people as this empire declined and collapsed
What is the Western Roman Empire?
Legal system under which judges heard cases in particular provinces
What is a circuit court?
What is a bailiff?
Claimed supreme authority over church and state
Who was Innocent III?
What is the Byzantine Empire?
Leonin and Perotin introduced this musical innovation
What is the use of harmony?
How much of the European population died as a result of the Black Death
What is 30-50%?
This English king was related to the French royal line through his mother and claimed the right ot the French throne
Who was Edward III?
One of the first popes in the early Middle Ages to claim authority over all Christians
Who was Gregory I?
The Reconquista reclaimed the Iberian Peninsula from this group
Who are the Muslims?
Dukes elected kings from among themselves in this European kingdom
What is the Holy Roman Empire?
He took power of Russia by working with an established Mongol state
Who is Alexander Nevsky?
In 1095, he called for a Crusade to liberate the Holy Land
Who was Pope Urban II?
This work of literature tells the story of a group of pilgrims in England that gives a glimpse of English life during the medieval period
What are The Canterbury Tales?
This was caused in part by cool temperatures and an abundance of rain, and caused many deaths due to starvation and illness
What was the Great Famine of 1315?
The Hundred Years' War lasted this long
What is 116 years?