NAMED AFTER AN INSULTING SONG LYRIC REGARDING AFRICAN-AMERICANS, THESE PARTICULAR LAWS LEGALIZED RACIAL SEGREGATION IN THE SOUTHERN UNITED STATES UNTIL 1968.
WHAT ARE JIM CROW LAWS?
HE BECAME THE FIRST AFRICAN-AMERICAN TO BE AWARDED A DEGREE IN MEDICINE.
WHO IS DR. JAMES MCCUNE SMITH?
THIS BAHAMIAN AMERICAN ACTOR, DIRECTOR, AND PRODUCER BROKE THE COLOR BARRIER IN THE U.S. WHEN HE BECAME THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO WIN AN ACADEMY AWARD.
WHO IS SIDNEY POITIER?
THE WASHINGTON POST SAID, "SHE HAS A VOICE THAT CAN REACH THE STARS..." THIS SOUTH AFRICAN SOPRANO SINGER HAS QUICKLY BECOME A NOTABLE FIGURE IN THE CLASSICAL MUSIC WORLD.
WHO IS PRETTY YENDE?
HOWARD UNIVERSITY, FISK UNIVERSITY, OR NORTH CAROLINA A&T ARE ALL EXAMPLES OF THIS PARTICULAR TYPE OF COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY.
WHAT IS AN HISTORICALLY BLACK COLLEGE OR UNIVERSITY (HBCU)?
"I HAVE A DREAM THAT MY FOUR LITTLE CHILDREN WILL ONE DAY LIVE IN A NATION WHERE THEY WILL NOT BE JUDGED BY THE COLOR OF THEIR SKIN..." IS AN EXCERPT FROM HIS "I HAVE A DREAM SPEECH," DELIVERED ON AUGUST 28, 1963.
WHO IS DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR.?
SHE WAS THE FIRST WOMAN AND THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN TO LEAD THE NATIONAL LIBRARY.
WHO IS DR. CARLA HAYDEN?
IN A PERFORMANCE CALLED LA FOLIE DU JOUR, THIS DANCER AND SINGER PERFORMED WHILE WEARING A SKIRT MADE OUT OF BANANAS. THIS PERFORMANCE WOULD RESULT IN HER BECOMING ONE OF EUROPE'S MOST POPULAR AND HIGHEST PAID PERFORMERS.
WHO IS JOSEPHINE BAKER?
THIS MUSICIAN'S REVOLUTIONARY YET UNIFYING MUSIC CHALLENGED COLONIALISM, RACISM, "FIGHTING AGAINST ISM AND SCISM' AS HE SANG IN HIS SONG, "ONE DROP."
WHO IS BOB MARLEY?
IN 1895, HE BECAME THE FIRST AFRICAN-AMERICAN TO EARN A Ph.D. FROM HARVARD UNIVERSITY.
WHO IS W.E.B. DU BOIS?
"THERE'S NO SUCH THING AS A NONVIOLENT REVOLUTION," HE SAID. KNOWN FOR HIS MILITANT STANCE, HE PROVIDED THE ALTERNATIVE APPROACH TO THE MORE "BY PEACEFUL MEANS" DR. MARTIN LUTHER KING JR.
WHO IS MALCOLM X?
HE WAS THE FIRST BLACK DRIVER IN NASCAR.
WHO IS WENDELL SCOTT?
FROM THE 1950s to the 1970s, SHE PERFORMED WITH THE NEW YORK CITY OPERA, THE METROPOLITAN OPERA, AND INTERNATIONAL OPERA COMPANIES, TOO. SHE WAS PART OF THE FIRST WAVE OF AFRICAN-AMERICANS TO APPEAR ON THE WORLD'S FINEST STAGES. SHE DIED AT AGE 82.
WHO IS BETTY ALLEN?
IN 2017, HE BECAME THE FIRST HIP-HOP ARTIST TO BE INDUCTED INTO THE SONGWRITERS HALL OF FAME.
WHO IS SHAWN "JAY-Z" CARTER?
FOUNDING MEMBER REP. WILIAM L. CLAY, SR. SAID "BLACK PEOPLE HAVE NO PERMANENT FRIENDS, NO PERMANENT ENEMIES...JUST PERMANENT INTERESTS," WHEN THIS ORGANIZATION WAS ESTABLISHED IN 1971.
WHAT IS THE CONGRESSIONAL BLACK CAUCUS?
IT WAS THIS LANDMARK SUPREME COURT CASE THAT RULED THAT RACIAL SEGREGATION IN PUBLIC SCHOOLS WAS UNCONSTITUTIONAL.
WHAT IS BROWN V. BOARD OF EDUCATION?
SHE BECAME THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN WOMAN, ON RECORD, TO REACH BOTH THE NORTH POLE AND THE SOUTH POLE. OH YEAH, DID I MENTION SHE DID THIS AT THE AGE OF 85 YEARS OLD?!
WHO IS BARBARA HILLARY?
SHE WAS THE FIRST AFRICAN AMERICAN FEMALE PRINCIPAL DANCER TO PERFORM WITH THE PRESTIGIOUS AMERICAN BALLET THEATER.
WHO IS MISTY COPELAND?
HE IS CONSISTENTLY CREDITED AS THE "FOUNDING FATHER OF HIP-HOP."
WHO IS DJ KOOL HERC?
HE IS THE AUTHOR OF "THINGS FALL APART," A NOVEL THAT LED OTHERS TO NICKNAME HIM, "THE FATHER OF AFRICAN LITERATURE."
WHO IS CHINUA ACHEBE?
IN 1987, THIS LAW RULED THAT ANY ORGANIZATION OR ENTITY THAT RECEIVED FEDERAL FUNDS MUST ABIDE BY LAWS OUTLAWING DISCRIMINATORY PRACTICES BASED UPON RACE, RELIGION, COLOR, NATIONAL ORIGIN, AGE, DISABILITY, OR GENDER.
WHAT IS THE CIVIL RIGHTS RESTORATION ACT?
SHE WAS ELECTED PRESIDENT OF HARVARD'S LAW REVIEW, BECOMING THE FIRST BLACK FEMALE PRESIDENT TO DO SO.
WHO IS IMELME UMANA?
IN 1958, HE FOUNDED THIS COMPANY TO CARRY OUT HIS VISION OF A COMPANY DEDICATED TO ENRICHING THE AMERICAN MODERN DANCE HERITAGE WHILE PRESERVING THE UNIQUENESS OF THE AFRICAN-AMERICAN EXPERIENCE.
WHAT IS THE ALVIN AILEY DANCE THEATER?
SHE WAS THE FIRST BLACK WOMAN TO HEADLINE THE COACHELLA FESTIVAL.
WHO IS BEYONCE KNOWLES CARTER?
WEAVING TOGETHER RELIGIOUS IDEAS OF LOVE, JUSTICE, AND MERCY WITH A MESSAGE OF "COMMON MORAL DUTY" HELPED THIS REVEREND'S POLITICAL MOVEMENT KNOWN AS MORAL MONDAYS.
WHO IS REVEREND WILLIAM BARBER?