Key Terms
How is chattle slavery different from other forms of servitude?
Chattle slavery treated humans like a commodity to be bought and sold. Enslavement was hereditary under these conditions. Enslavement was permanent under these conditions.
What is the Emancipation Proclamation?
Lincoln/1863-- proclaimed the end of slavery, transforming the fight between confederates and the union into a fight over the legal standing of enslavement. Did not result in immediate material changes, but required resistance against the dominant culture of enslavement.
Who is Frederick Douglass?
Lots to say! Hes an abolitionist, a social reformer, an intellectual.
What barriers prohibited Black folks from voting post 15th amendment?
Jim Crow Laws
What is a social movement?
A series of contentious performances, displays and campaigns in which ordinary people make collective claims on others.
What are Jim Crow Laws? What activities/movements did these laws seek to suppress?
Different local/state measures that sought to reinforce racial segregation and subordination. "Separate but equal" laws. Voting suppression laws. Employment and housing discrimination.
What was the Dred Scott Case?
Attempted to articulate Dred Scott's case for freedom. Courts declared that Black folks, whether enslaved or free, were not citizens and therefore had no right to sue in federal court. Later amendments would overturn this ruling.
Who is Harriet Tubman?
Harriet Tubman was an American abolitionist and social activist. After escaping slavery, Tubman made some 13 missions to rescue approximately 70 enslaved ppl--using the network of antislavery activists and safe houses known collectively as the Underground Railroad.
What does the 13th Amendment say, and were there any limitations to its application?
The amendment says that slavery is illegal except as a punishment for a crime. As a response, White Americans initially attempted (and succeeded) in expanding the surveillance and policing of Black folks to criminalize and re-enslave to fufill labor demands.
What is an abolitionist? Name 3.
Frederick Douglass, Sojourner Truth, David Walker, Charlotte Forten, Maria Stewart, Henry Highland Garnet
What are the differences between everyday and open resistance?
Everyday resistances -- embedded in everyday acts. Are perhaps more covert but more frequent.
Open resistance -- forthright rejection of the status quo. Includes violent resistance, protest, etc.
At times these resistances overlap.
What was the Compromise of 1850?
The Compromise of 1850 was a series of laws intended to settle escalating disputes over slavery between the North and South, particularly concerning the territories acquired from the Mexican-American War. Its main provisions included admitting California as a free state, establishing popular sovereignty in the Utah and New Mexico territories (allowing residents to decide on slavery), abolishing the slave trade in Washington, D.C., resolving a boundary dispute with Texas, and enacting a stricter Fugitive Slave Act.
Who is David Walker?
Abolitionist, Free (because his mother was), writer, intellectual -- appealed to Christian logic, natural rights, and US conceptualizations of freedom.
What does the 14th Amendment say, and were there any limitations to its application?
Grants citizenship to those born or naturalized in the US
What were spirituals/song used to express? How logics did it appeal to?
Desire for freedom and redress. Appealed to Christian logics/post-enlightment concepts of freedom. Interprets the bible through song and shared expression.
What is the Geography of Containment?
The containment of enslaved folks-- spatially, socially, temporally, and legally. Open to other interpretations.
What was the Missouri Compromise 1820?
a legislative agreement that admitted Missouri as a slave state and Maine as a free state, maintaining the balance of power in Congress between free and slave states
Who is Sojourner Truth?
Sojourner Truth was an American abolitionist and activist for African-American civil rights, women's rights, and alcohol temperance. Truth was born into slavery in New York, but escaped to freedom in 1826
What does the 15th Amendment say, and were there any limitations to its application?
In theory, it extended the right to vote to apply to Black men. There were many barriers in place to prevent the application of this amendment.
Provide 1 example of an antebellum social movement and one example of a postbellum social movement.
Antebellum: Abolition of slavery, citizenship
Postbellum: Civil rights movement, citizenship/voting, ... more
What are rival geographies?
Undistinct areas within the geography of containment. Spaces with dual uses/purposes or spaces that are transformed into functional spaces that contest the geography of containment.
What was Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854
The Kansas-Nebraska Act of 1854 was a U.S. law that organized the territories of Kansas and Nebraska and introduced the principle of popular sovereignty, allowing residents to decide if they would permit slavery within their borders. It repealed the Missouri Compromise. The act sparked intense conflict between pro- and anti-slavery settlers, further divided the nation, ultimately increasing tensions that would soon erupt into the Civil War.
Who is Richard Allen?
formerly enslaved, a minister, and abolitionist. founded the Bethel African Methodist Episcopal Church and served as its first bishop
Name three sections of the Constitution of 1787 that restricted the movement of bondpeople.
Article 1 Section 2, 8, and 9
Article 4 section 2
What is an exodus movement? What exodus movements existed postbellum?
Efforts of Black Americans to seek freedom and autonomyinside and outside of the US often rooted in land and agriculture Postbellum includes
Kansas and Oklahoma migration
US to Canada
Garvey’s Pan Africanism