Quiz questions
Decompensated shock in an adult is characterized by?
falling BP
How long should it take for a tourniquet to be applied?
20 sec
How much blood does average person have?
5-6L
What is Cullen sign and what is Grey Turner sign?
Cullen- bruising around the umbilicus
Grey Turner- bruising in the flanks
Nosebleed (epistaxis)
cold compress on bridge of nose and lean foward
Arterial bleeding may require how many min or more of direct pressure to form a clot?
5 min
Hematoma-
Hematemisis-
Hemoptysis-
Melena-
Hematuria-
Hematochezia-
Hematoma- blood in soft tissues
Hematemesis- vomited blood
Hemoptysis- coughed up blood
Melena- dark tarry stool
Hematuria- blood in urine
Hematochezia- passage of blood stool
What is exsanguination?
loss of blood volume resulting in death
Components of trauma triad of death
1. hypothermia
2. coagulopathy
3. acidosis
Bleeding from open skull fx
loose sterile bandage
External bleeding would be the most difficult to control in a pt with a large lac to the
brachial artery
carotid artery
femoral vein
jugular vein
carotid artery
Much of the bleeding associated with unsplinted fxs continues because
-most fxs are unstable and usually lacerate major blood vessels
-pt anxiety increases the BP which exacerbates bleeding
-bone ends will continue to move and destroy partially formed clots
-swelling associated with such fxs prevents platelet aggregation
-bone ends will continue to move and destroy partially formed clots
How much blood loss from femur fx?
1L
Signs of compensated shock (10)
fx causing bleeding
splint before bleeding control
less than 15%
15%-30%
30%-40%
more than 40%
15%-30%
When packing a wound you should hole pressure for how long?
3 min
What is hemophilia?
condition; lacking clotting factors
Signs of decompensated shock (7)
Internal Hemorrhage
Large bore IV
250ml NS (max 4 doses) if lungs clear
Don't delay transport
Cover pt with blanket
Pain meds if eligible
O2
Infants and children who experience hemorrhaging may have a normal BP until they have lost what % of their blood volume?
60%
50%
40%
30%
50%
The initial stage of hemorrhagic shock is characterized by which of the following signs or symptoms?
-increased systemic vascular resistance SVR
-low circulating blood volume with minimal signs of hypoperfusion
-cold, mottled, and pulseless extremities
-tachycardia
-low circulating blood volume with minimal signs of hypoperfusion
Stages of clotting
3. Fibrinogen weaves and forms fibrin
After losing 1L of blood what changes in vitals occur?
Increase HR
Increase RR
Decrease in BP
Shock management
Stop bleeding
maintain airway
BVM if necessary
large bore IV (2)
splint
isotonic NS 250ml increments 80-90systolic
cover w/ blanket
monitor