Definitions
What does hypovolemic mean?
What is severe loss of blood or fluid?
What is hypoperfusion?
This is known as severe bleeding
What is a hemorrhage?
What is the first step before providing care to a patient?
What is scene safety?
Common signs and symptoms of shock.
Cold, clammy skin. Weak, rapid pulse. Rapid, shallow breathing. Low BP.
What does supine mean?
What is lying flat on the back?
A patient with anaphylaxis would have what type of shock?
What is distributive shock?
What is the first method to stop external bleeding?
What is direct pressure?
List the steps for shock treatment.
What is position patient in supine position, administer O2, cover with blanket, and immediate transport?
Name two mistakes people commonly make when applying a tourniquet that can cause it to fail.
What does perfusion mean?
What is the deliverance of oxygenated blood and nutrients to organs and tissues?
What type of shock results from an infection and leads to circulatory abnormalities?
What is septic shock?
What intervention can an EMT perform when a tourniquet does not control bleeding?
What is apply a second tourniquet?
Why is oxygen administration important for a shock patient, even if their breathing looks normal?
Shock reduces oxygen delivery to tissues and organs, so supplemental oxygen maximizes available oxygen in the boodstream.
Contrast arterial, venous, and capillary bleeding in terms of color, flow, and urgency.
Arterial: bright red, spurting, most urgent. Venous: dark red, steady flow. Capillary: oozing, slowest, and least severe.
What does cyanosis mean?
What is a bluish or grayish coloration of the skin from inadequate oxygenation of the blood?
Which type of shock can be caused by dehydration?
What is hypovolemic shock?
Name three common types of hemorrhage.
What is upper/lower GI bleeding, rectal bleeding, arterial bleeding, trauma to solid organs?
Explain why preventing heat loss is part of shock treatment.
Heat loss can lead to the patient becoming hypothermic, which accelerates shock progression.
Match each type of shock (cardiogenic, distributive, hypovolemic, obstructive) to the parts (pump, vessels, volume) it primarily affects.
Cardiogenic: Pump, Distributive: Vessels, Hypovolemic: Volume, Obstructive: Pump
What does dyspnea mean?
What are the three stages shock (explain each stage)?
What is compensated, decompensated, and irreversible?
Explain why abdominal trauma to solid organs is more dangerous and harder to detect than trauma to hollow organs.
Solid organs (liver, spleen, kidneys, pancreas) are highly vascular -> high chance of internal bleeding, hollow organs (stomach, intestines) won't have as much bleeding and are more detectable -> can see in stool
A patient is showing signs of decompensated shock after trauma. You have controlled external bleeding. Explain why the body’s compensatory mechanisms are failing, and why this makes rapid transport the only effective treatment.
Heart can no longer maintain enough cardiac output and vessels can't maintain blood pressure from prolonged poor perfusion. Since body's mechanisms are exhausted, only definitive care (like surgery) can restore perfusion.
A patient is admitted to the hospital after sustaining abdominal injuries and a broken femur from a motor vehicle accident. The patient is pale, diaphoretic (sweating) and not talking coherently. What type of shock is this most likely?
What is hypovolemic shock?